, according to a retrospective cohort study.
In addition, the majority of the immune-related toxicities were high-grade events of grade 3 or higher (65%), necessitated multidisciplinary care (91%), and eventually improved or resolved (65%). The results highlight potential risk factors for hospitalizations due to immune-related toxicities in oncology patients.
“[We aimed to] characterize the spectrum of toxicities, management, and outcomes of hospitalizations for immune-related adverse events,” wrote Aanika Balaji, BS, of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and colleagues. The findings were reported in the Journal of Oncology Practice.
The researchers studied 443 patients admitted to solid tumor oncology service at an oncology center over a period of 6-months. Of these, 100 patients had at any point received checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
The proportion of hospital admissions for patients with confirmed immune-related toxicities and associations between hospitalizations due to immune-related toxicity and patient characteristics were assessed by the team. Nearly half of the patients admitted with immune-related toxicities had thoracic or head and neck cancers.
In the analysis, patients treated with combination checkpoint inhibitor therapy (odds ratio, 6.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-23.2), in addition to those aged 65 years and over (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.6-17.8), were more likely to be hospitalized for immune-related toxicities.
Overall, 5% of all hospitalizations were the result of immune-related toxicities. Furthermore, 87% of patients discontinued checkpoint inhibitor therapy post discharge.
“We found that the most common immune-related adverse events warranting hospital admission were pneumonitis (26%) and colitis (17%),” they wrote.
The researchers acknowledged two key limitations of the study were the small sample size and lack of generalizability in community settings. Future studies that include patients from community oncology settings could improve the generalizability of the results.
“These data indicate potential risk factors for immune-related adverse event hospitalization and are likely to indicate future service needs” they concluded.
Financial support was provided by Jarushka Naidoo. The authors reported financial affiliations with AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Compugen, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Exelixis, MedImmune, and several others.
SOURCE: Balaji A et al. J Oncol Pract. 2019 Aug 6. doi: 10.1200/JOP.18.00703.