Children initiating treatment with adalimumab plus a low dose of methotrexate experienced a twofold reduction in treatment failure, note the authors of the largest, double-blind, randomized trial to date in pediatric Crohn’s disease. However, children initiating infliximab, another TNFi, had similar outcomes with or without methotrexate.
“We believe these results are practice changing,” said principal investigator Michael Kappelman, MD, MPH, professor of pediatrics at University of North Carolina.
All patients with pediatric Crohn’s disease starting on adalimumab, and their parents, should be informed that combining the drug with low-dose oral methotrexate improves treatment effectiveness, he said.
“Those without contraindications should be offered combination therapy, and shared decision-making should be incorporated into final treatment decisions. In contrast, most patients starting infliximab are not likely to experience added benefits from low-dose oral methotrexate,” Dr. Kappelman added.
The study was published online in Gastroenterology and was presented in May in Chicago at the annual Digestive Disease Week® (DDW).
Impactful study
“This is an important study, published in a very high-ranking journal, that will have a huge impact on how we practice,” Jacob Kurowski, MD, department of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, who wasn’t involved in the study, said.
Treatment with a TNFi, including infliximab and adalimumab, is a mainstay of pediatric Crohn’s disease therapy. However, not all patients achieve remission, and many lose response over time.
The current trial compared the effectiveness and safety of adding a low-dose of oral methotrexate to adalimumab or infliximab vs. TNFi therapy alone in 297 children with Crohn’s disease. The mean age was 13.9 years, and about two-thirds were boys. None had a prior history of TNFi therapy.
Participants initiating infliximab or adalimumab were randomly allocated (1:1) to oral methotrexate or placebo. Of them, 110 infliximab initiators and 46 adalimumab initiators received methotrexate, while 102 infliximab initiators and 39 adalimumab initiators were given placebo. Methotrexate was administered as a weekly dose of 15 mg for children weighing 40 kg or more, 12.5 mg for children 30 kg to less than 40 kg, and 10 mg for children 20 kg to less than 30 kg. All participants received pretreatment with ondansetron 4 mg (or placebo) to prevent nausea and folic acid (1 mg per day). Participants were followed for 12-36 months.
The primary outcome was a failure to achieve or maintain steroid-free remission defined by occurrence of any of the following:
- Short Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (SPCDAI) score of less than 15 by week 26.
- Failure to complete a steroid taper by week 16.
- SPCDAI score of 15 or higher as a result of active Crohn’s disease at two or more consecutive visits beyond week 26.
- Hospitalization or surgery for Crohn’s disease beyond week 26.
- Use of corticosteroids for Crohn’s disease for 10 or more weeks cumulatively beyond week 16.
- Discontinuation of anti-TNF and/or study drug for lack of effectiveness or toxicity.