Migraine Briefs

Key clinical point: Rimegepant 75 mg demonstrates favorable efficacy and safety for the treatment of acute migraine compared with the placebo.

Main finding: Rimegepant 75 mg resulted in a significant freedom from pain (20.6% vs. 12.5%; relative risk [RR], 1.70; P less than .001), pain relief (58.6% vs. 44.6%; RR, 1.34; P less than .001), and freedom from the most bothersome symptoms (36.0% vs. 25.1%; RR, 1.44; P less than .001) at 2 hours after dosing compared with the placebo. There was no significant increase in adverse events compared with the placebo.

Study details: A meta-analysis of 4 randomized controlled trials including 3,827 patients with acute migraine.

Disclosures: This study was supported by the Suzhou Health Talents Training Project. The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Citation: Gao B et al. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jan 24. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01577.

Key clinical point: Rimegepant 75 mg demonstrates favorable efficacy and safety for the treatment of acute migraine compared with the placebo.

Main finding: Rimegepant 75 mg resulted in a significant freedom from pain (20.6% vs. 12.5%; relative risk [RR], 1.70; P less than .001), pain relief (58.6% vs. 44.6%; RR, 1.34; P less than .001), and freedom from the most bothersome symptoms (36.0% vs. 25.1%; RR, 1.44; P less than .001) at 2 hours after dosing compared with the placebo. There was no significant increase in adverse events compared with the placebo.

Study details: A meta-analysis of 4 randomized controlled trials including 3,827 patients with acute migraine.

Disclosures: This study was supported by the Suzhou Health Talents Training Project. The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Citation: Gao B et al. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jan 24. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01577.

Key clinical point: Rimegepant 75 mg demonstrates favorable efficacy and safety for the treatment of acute migraine compared with the placebo.

Main finding: Rimegepant 75 mg resulted in a significant freedom from pain (20.6% vs. 12.5%; relative risk [RR], 1.70; P less than .001), pain relief (58.6% vs. 44.6%; RR, 1.34; P less than .001), and freedom from the most bothersome symptoms (36.0% vs. 25.1%; RR, 1.44; P less than .001) at 2 hours after dosing compared with the placebo. There was no significant increase in adverse events compared with the placebo.

Study details: A meta-analysis of 4 randomized controlled trials including 3,827 patients with acute migraine.

Disclosures: This study was supported by the Suzhou Health Talents Training Project. The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Citation: Gao B et al. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jan 24. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01577.

Key clinical point: Occurrence of headache is not associated with subsequent sleep period characterized by shorter sleep duration, higher sleep disruption, or poorer sleep quality in adults with episodic migraine.

Major finding: The average nightly objective sleep duration, efficiency, and wake after sleep onset (WASO) were 7.3±1.2 hours, 89.5%±3.3%, and 44.8±17.0 minutes, respectively. Objective sleep duration was 7.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.5-13.0) minutes longer on nights after a headache day vs. nights on headache-free days. Actigraphically assessed sleep efficiency and WASO did not differ on nights after headache days vs. headache-free days.

Study details: A prospective cohort study of 98 adults (mean age, 35 years, with an average of five migraine headaches/month) with episodic migraine who provided 4,406 days of data; actigraphic sleep data were assessed for six weeks.

Disclosures: This study was funded by grants from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the American Sleep Medicine Foundation and received financial contributions from Harvard University and its affiliated academic healthcare centers. Dr. Bertisch reported receiving research support from Merck, Sharpe & Dohme, ApniMed and Lockheed Martin and served as a consultant for Verily.

Citation: Vgontzas A et al. Sleep. 2020 Jan 13. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa001.

Key clinical point: Occurrence of headache is not associated with subsequent sleep period characterized by shorter sleep duration, higher sleep disruption, or poorer sleep quality in adults with episodic migraine.

Major finding: The average nightly objective sleep duration, efficiency, and wake after sleep onset (WASO) were 7.3±1.2 hours, 89.5%±3.3%, and 44.8±17.0 minutes, respectively. Objective sleep duration was 7.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.5-13.0) minutes longer on nights after a headache day vs. nights on headache-free days. Actigraphically assessed sleep efficiency and WASO did not differ on nights after headache days vs. headache-free days.

Study details: A prospective cohort study of 98 adults (mean age, 35 years, with an average of five migraine headaches/month) with episodic migraine who provided 4,406 days of data; actigraphic sleep data were assessed for six weeks.

Disclosures: This study was funded by grants from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the American Sleep Medicine Foundation and received financial contributions from Harvard University and its affiliated academic healthcare centers. Dr. Bertisch reported receiving research support from Merck, Sharpe & Dohme, ApniMed and Lockheed Martin and served as a consultant for Verily.

Citation: Vgontzas A et al. Sleep. 2020 Jan 13. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa001.

Key clinical point: Occurrence of headache is not associated with subsequent sleep period characterized by shorter sleep duration, higher sleep disruption, or poorer sleep quality in adults with episodic migraine.

Major finding: The average nightly objective sleep duration, efficiency, and wake after sleep onset (WASO) were 7.3±1.2 hours, 89.5%±3.3%, and 44.8±17.0 minutes, respectively. Objective sleep duration was 7.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.5-13.0) minutes longer on nights after a headache day vs. nights on headache-free days. Actigraphically assessed sleep efficiency and WASO did not differ on nights after headache days vs. headache-free days.

Study details: A prospective cohort study of 98 adults (mean age, 35 years, with an average of five migraine headaches/month) with episodic migraine who provided 4,406 days of data; actigraphic sleep data were assessed for six weeks.

Disclosures: This study was funded by grants from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the American Sleep Medicine Foundation and received financial contributions from Harvard University and its affiliated academic healthcare centers. Dr. Bertisch reported receiving research support from Merck, Sharpe & Dohme, ApniMed and Lockheed Martin and served as a consultant for Verily.

Citation: Vgontzas A et al. Sleep. 2020 Jan 13. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa001.

Key clinical point: In patients with migraine, flunarizine (Fz)-induced parkinsonism (FIP) is associated with older age, history of comorbidities, exposure to high dose of Fz, and longer duration of exposure to Fz.

Major finding: In patients aged 45-64 years and 65 years or older, FIP risk was 3.18 and 4.89 times, respectively, higher in the Fz-treated group than in the controls. Compared with control group, the risk for FIP in those with comorbidities, annual cumulative Fz dose ≥445 mg, and Fz use for ≥60 days was 4.54-, 7.69-, and 8.49-fold, respectively, higher than in the control group.

Study details: A population-based study used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database and included 6,470 patients with migraine who were divided into two groups, based on their exposure (n=3,235) or non-exposure to Fz (n=3,235).

Disclosures: This study was supported by grants from the Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare Clinical Trial Center; China Medical University Hospital; Academia Sinica Stroke Biosignature Project; MOST Clinical Trial Consortium for Stroke; Tseng-Lien Lin Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; and Katsuzo and Kiyo Aoshima Memorial Funds, Japan. The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Citation: Lin W et al. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Dec 19. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01495.

Key clinical point: In patients with migraine, flunarizine (Fz)-induced parkinsonism (FIP) is associated with older age, history of comorbidities, exposure to high dose of Fz, and longer duration of exposure to Fz.

Major finding: In patients aged 45-64 years and 65 years or older, FIP risk was 3.18 and 4.89 times, respectively, higher in the Fz-treated group than in the controls. Compared with control group, the risk for FIP in those with comorbidities, annual cumulative Fz dose ≥445 mg, and Fz use for ≥60 days was 4.54-, 7.69-, and 8.49-fold, respectively, higher than in the control group.

Study details: A population-based study used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database and included 6,470 patients with migraine who were divided into two groups, based on their exposure (n=3,235) or non-exposure to Fz (n=3,235).

Disclosures: This study was supported by grants from the Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare Clinical Trial Center; China Medical University Hospital; Academia Sinica Stroke Biosignature Project; MOST Clinical Trial Consortium for Stroke; Tseng-Lien Lin Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; and Katsuzo and Kiyo Aoshima Memorial Funds, Japan. The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Citation: Lin W et al. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Dec 19. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01495.

Key clinical point: In patients with migraine, flunarizine (Fz)-induced parkinsonism (FIP) is associated with older age, history of comorbidities, exposure to high dose of Fz, and longer duration of exposure to Fz.

Major finding: In patients aged 45-64 years and 65 years or older, FIP risk was 3.18 and 4.89 times, respectively, higher in the Fz-treated group than in the controls. Compared with control group, the risk for FIP in those with comorbidities, annual cumulative Fz dose ≥445 mg, and Fz use for ≥60 days was 4.54-, 7.69-, and 8.49-fold, respectively, higher than in the control group.

Study details: A population-based study used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database and included 6,470 patients with migraine who were divided into two groups, based on their exposure (n=3,235) or non-exposure to Fz (n=3,235).

Disclosures: This study was supported by grants from the Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare Clinical Trial Center; China Medical University Hospital; Academia Sinica Stroke Biosignature Project; MOST Clinical Trial Consortium for Stroke; Tseng-Lien Lin Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; and Katsuzo and Kiyo Aoshima Memorial Funds, Japan. The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Citation: Lin W et al. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Dec 19. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01495.

Key clinical point: Vitamin D3 supplementation might improve headache characteristics and protect against inflammation in migraine.

Major finding: Analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline values and confounders showed that vitamin D3 supplemented group had significantly lower headache days, attacks frequency, duration and severity, and reduced analgesics consumption compared with the placebo group
(P less than 0.05). Patients receiving vitamin D3 had a significant reduction in inducible nitric oxide synthase
(P=0.001) and serum levels of interleukin-6 (P=0.055) compared with placebo.

Study details: Study of 80 patients with episodic migraine randomly assigned to a daily dose of vitamin D3 2,000 IU (50 μg) or placebo for 12 weeks.

Disclosures: The study was supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences & health Services grant. The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Citation: Ghorbani Z et al. Neurol Sci. 2020 Jan 2. doi: 10.1007/s10072-019-04220-8. 

Key clinical point: Vitamin D3 supplementation might improve headache characteristics and protect against inflammation in migraine.

Major finding: Analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline values and confounders showed that vitamin D3 supplemented group had significantly lower headache days, attacks frequency, duration and severity, and reduced analgesics consumption compared with the placebo group
(P less than 0.05). Patients receiving vitamin D3 had a significant reduction in inducible nitric oxide synthase
(P=0.001) and serum levels of interleukin-6 (P=0.055) compared with placebo.

Study details: Study of 80 patients with episodic migraine randomly assigned to a daily dose of vitamin D3 2,000 IU (50 μg) or placebo for 12 weeks.

Disclosures: The study was supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences & health Services grant. The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Citation: Ghorbani Z et al. Neurol Sci. 2020 Jan 2. doi: 10.1007/s10072-019-04220-8. 

Key clinical point: Vitamin D3 supplementation might improve headache characteristics and protect against inflammation in migraine.

Major finding: Analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline values and confounders showed that vitamin D3 supplemented group had significantly lower headache days, attacks frequency, duration and severity, and reduced analgesics consumption compared with the placebo group
(P less than 0.05). Patients receiving vitamin D3 had a significant reduction in inducible nitric oxide synthase
(P=0.001) and serum levels of interleukin-6 (P=0.055) compared with placebo.

Study details: Study of 80 patients with episodic migraine randomly assigned to a daily dose of vitamin D3 2,000 IU (50 μg) or placebo for 12 weeks.

Disclosures: The study was supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences & health Services grant. The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Citation: Ghorbani Z et al. Neurol Sci. 2020 Jan 2. doi: 10.1007/s10072-019-04220-8. 

Key clinical point: Sleep fragmentation (defined by low sleep efficiency) is associated with a higher risk of migraine onset on day 1; short sleep duration and low sleep quality are not temporally associated with migraine.

Major finding: Low sleep efficiency was associated with 39% higher odds of headache on day 1. Sleep duration ≤6.5 hours and poor sleep quality were not associated with migraine onset on the day immediately following the sleep period (day 0) and the following day (day 1).

Study details: The data were obtained from a prospective study of 98 adults with episodic migraine.

Disclosures: This study was funded by grants from the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke and the American Sleep Medicine Foundation; received financial contributions from Harvard University and its affiliated academic healthcare centers. Dr. Bertisch reported receiving research support from Merck, Sharpe & Dohme and Lockheed Martin and served as a consultant for Verily.

Citation: Bertisch SM et al. Neurology. 2019 Dec 16. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008740.

Key clinical point: Sleep fragmentation (defined by low sleep efficiency) is associated with a higher risk of migraine onset on day 1; short sleep duration and low sleep quality are not temporally associated with migraine.

Major finding: Low sleep efficiency was associated with 39% higher odds of headache on day 1. Sleep duration ≤6.5 hours and poor sleep quality were not associated with migraine onset on the day immediately following the sleep period (day 0) and the following day (day 1).

Study details: The data were obtained from a prospective study of 98 adults with episodic migraine.

Disclosures: This study was funded by grants from the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke and the American Sleep Medicine Foundation; received financial contributions from Harvard University and its affiliated academic healthcare centers. Dr. Bertisch reported receiving research support from Merck, Sharpe & Dohme and Lockheed Martin and served as a consultant for Verily.

Citation: Bertisch SM et al. Neurology. 2019 Dec 16. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008740.

Key clinical point: Sleep fragmentation (defined by low sleep efficiency) is associated with a higher risk of migraine onset on day 1; short sleep duration and low sleep quality are not temporally associated with migraine.

Major finding: Low sleep efficiency was associated with 39% higher odds of headache on day 1. Sleep duration ≤6.5 hours and poor sleep quality were not associated with migraine onset on the day immediately following the sleep period (day 0) and the following day (day 1).

Study details: The data were obtained from a prospective study of 98 adults with episodic migraine.

Disclosures: This study was funded by grants from the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke and the American Sleep Medicine Foundation; received financial contributions from Harvard University and its affiliated academic healthcare centers. Dr. Bertisch reported receiving research support from Merck, Sharpe & Dohme and Lockheed Martin and served as a consultant for Verily.

Citation: Bertisch SM et al. Neurology. 2019 Dec 16. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008740.

Key clinical point: Pregnant women with a history of migraine are at an increased risk of adverse outcomes, including preeclampsia (PE) and low birth weight (LBW).

Major finding: Women with migraine had a higher risk for PE (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.51-2.85) and LBW (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.34) compared with women without migraine. No significant association was observed between the history of migraine and preterm birth or small for gestational age.

Study details: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 studies.

Disclosures: Authors declared no conflict of interest.

Citation: Aukes AM et al. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2019 Dec. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000738. 

Key clinical point: Pregnant women with a history of migraine are at an increased risk of adverse outcomes, including preeclampsia (PE) and low birth weight (LBW).

Major finding: Women with migraine had a higher risk for PE (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.51-2.85) and LBW (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.34) compared with women without migraine. No significant association was observed between the history of migraine and preterm birth or small for gestational age.

Study details: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 studies.

Disclosures: Authors declared no conflict of interest.

Citation: Aukes AM et al. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2019 Dec. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000738. 

Key clinical point: Pregnant women with a history of migraine are at an increased risk of adverse outcomes, including preeclampsia (PE) and low birth weight (LBW).

Major finding: Women with migraine had a higher risk for PE (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.51-2.85) and LBW (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.34) compared with women without migraine. No significant association was observed between the history of migraine and preterm birth or small for gestational age.

Study details: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 studies.

Disclosures: Authors declared no conflict of interest.

Citation: Aukes AM et al. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2019 Dec. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000738. 

Key clinical point: Patients with migraine are likely to have metacognitive deficits.

Major finding: Patients with migraine performed worse on measures of metacognitive functions, including accuracy score (P = .012), global monitoring (P = .015), monetary gains (P = .022), and control sensitivity (P = .027) compared with control participants.

Study details: An Italian study evaluated the metacognitive abilities of 64 patients with chronic and episodic migraine and 29 healthy control participants.

Disclosures: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Citation: Zucca M et al. J Clin Neurosci. 2020 Jan 5. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.12.048.

Key clinical point: Patients with migraine are likely to have metacognitive deficits.

Major finding: Patients with migraine performed worse on measures of metacognitive functions, including accuracy score (P = .012), global monitoring (P = .015), monetary gains (P = .022), and control sensitivity (P = .027) compared with control participants.

Study details: An Italian study evaluated the metacognitive abilities of 64 patients with chronic and episodic migraine and 29 healthy control participants.

Disclosures: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Citation: Zucca M et al. J Clin Neurosci. 2020 Jan 5. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.12.048.

Key clinical point: Patients with migraine are likely to have metacognitive deficits.

Major finding: Patients with migraine performed worse on measures of metacognitive functions, including accuracy score (P = .012), global monitoring (P = .015), monetary gains (P = .022), and control sensitivity (P = .027) compared with control participants.

Study details: An Italian study evaluated the metacognitive abilities of 64 patients with chronic and episodic migraine and 29 healthy control participants.

Disclosures: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Citation: Zucca M et al. J Clin Neurosci. 2020 Jan 5. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.12.048.

Key clinical point: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an effective option for treating migraine attacks in the emergency department.

Major finding: The verum group showed significant improvements on the visual analog scale change from 0 to 120 minutes (P less than .001) and a Likert-type verbal pain scale (P less than .001) compared with the sham group. The need for additional analgesics after 120 minutes was lower in the verum group vs. sham group (2.6% vs. 76.9%).

Study details: A randomized-controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of TENS for emergency treatment of migraine in the verum (n=39) and sham (n=39) groups.

Disclosures: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Citation: Hokenek NM et al. Am J Emerg Med. 2020 Jan 15. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.01.024.

Key clinical point: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an effective option for treating migraine attacks in the emergency department.

Major finding: The verum group showed significant improvements on the visual analog scale change from 0 to 120 minutes (P less than .001) and a Likert-type verbal pain scale (P less than .001) compared with the sham group. The need for additional analgesics after 120 minutes was lower in the verum group vs. sham group (2.6% vs. 76.9%).

Study details: A randomized-controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of TENS for emergency treatment of migraine in the verum (n=39) and sham (n=39) groups.

Disclosures: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Citation: Hokenek NM et al. Am J Emerg Med. 2020 Jan 15. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.01.024.

Key clinical point: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an effective option for treating migraine attacks in the emergency department.

Major finding: The verum group showed significant improvements on the visual analog scale change from 0 to 120 minutes (P less than .001) and a Likert-type verbal pain scale (P less than .001) compared with the sham group. The need for additional analgesics after 120 minutes was lower in the verum group vs. sham group (2.6% vs. 76.9%).

Study details: A randomized-controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of TENS for emergency treatment of migraine in the verum (n=39) and sham (n=39) groups.

Disclosures: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Citation: Hokenek NM et al. Am J Emerg Med. 2020 Jan 15. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.01.024.

Key clinical point: Migraine and asthma have a reciprocal association with each other.

Major finding: Patients with asthma had a 47% higher risk for migraine (P less than .001) than control participants, and patients with migraine had a 37% higher risk for asthma (P less than .001).

Study details: The data were obtained from 2 Korean longitudinal follow-up studies (Study 1: 113,059 patients with asthma and 113,059 control participants; Study 2: 36,044 patients with migraine and 114,176 control participants).

Disclosures: This study was partly supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Citation: Kim SY et al. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 4. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54972-8.

Key clinical point: Migraine and asthma have a reciprocal association with each other.

Major finding: Patients with asthma had a 47% higher risk for migraine (P less than .001) than control participants, and patients with migraine had a 37% higher risk for asthma (P less than .001).

Study details: The data were obtained from 2 Korean longitudinal follow-up studies (Study 1: 113,059 patients with asthma and 113,059 control participants; Study 2: 36,044 patients with migraine and 114,176 control participants).

Disclosures: This study was partly supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Citation: Kim SY et al. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 4. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54972-8.

Key clinical point: Migraine and asthma have a reciprocal association with each other.

Major finding: Patients with asthma had a 47% higher risk for migraine (P less than .001) than control participants, and patients with migraine had a 37% higher risk for asthma (P less than .001).

Study details: The data were obtained from 2 Korean longitudinal follow-up studies (Study 1: 113,059 patients with asthma and 113,059 control participants; Study 2: 36,044 patients with migraine and 114,176 control participants).

Disclosures: This study was partly supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Citation: Kim SY et al. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 4. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54972-8.

Key clinical point: Women of reproductive age experiencing migraines should be screened for endometriosis.

Major finding: Migraine headache was more frequent in women with endometriosis than in those without endometriosis (35.2% vs. 17.4%; P = .003).

Study details: The data were obtained from a French case-control study of 314 nonpregnant women younger than 42 years.

Disclosures: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Citation: Maitrot-Mantelet L et al. Cephalalgia. 2019 Dec 6. doi: 10.1177/0333102419893965.

Key clinical point: Women of reproductive age experiencing migraines should be screened for endometriosis.

Major finding: Migraine headache was more frequent in women with endometriosis than in those without endometriosis (35.2% vs. 17.4%; P = .003).

Study details: The data were obtained from a French case-control study of 314 nonpregnant women younger than 42 years.

Disclosures: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Citation: Maitrot-Mantelet L et al. Cephalalgia. 2019 Dec 6. doi: 10.1177/0333102419893965.

Key clinical point: Women of reproductive age experiencing migraines should be screened for endometriosis.

Major finding: Migraine headache was more frequent in women with endometriosis than in those without endometriosis (35.2% vs. 17.4%; P = .003).

Study details: The data were obtained from a French case-control study of 314 nonpregnant women younger than 42 years.

Disclosures: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Citation: Maitrot-Mantelet L et al. Cephalalgia. 2019 Dec 6. doi: 10.1177/0333102419893965.