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according to a study of Medicaid claims data.
The data showed that opioid exposure in the prior 7 days was significantly associated with acute respiratory exacerbation. The odds of exacerbation increased as the morphine-equivalent daily dose increased and as the exposure window decreased.
These results “underline the immediacy of the risk of opioid use,” according to Yiran Rong of the department of pharmacy administration at the University of Mississippi in University and colleagues. Ms. Rong and colleagues reported their findings in the American Journal of Epidemiology.
The researchers analyzed Mississippi Medicaid administrative claims data from 2013-2017, which included 1,354 beneficiaries with 1,972 exacerbation events. The beneficiaries had a mean age of 53.11 years, 69.9% were female, and 59.7% were white. The patients had an average of 1.46 exacerbation events, and 62.27% of these events occurred in patients who had an opioid prescription filled in the previous 7 days.
The researchers compared the frequency and dose of opioid exposure in the 7 days before an exacerbation to the opioid exposure in 10 control periods, each 7 days long.
Opioid exposure in the prior 7 days was associated with an 80.8% increase in the odds of exacerbation. The odds ratio, adjusted for exposure to bronchodilators, corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, and beta-blockers, was 1.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.60-2.05).
Opioid exposure was associated with exacerbation in patients with a single exacerbation event (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.61, 2.27), multiple events (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.45-2.01), events recorded in the emergency department (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.71-2.35), and events recorded in the hospital (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.21-1.79).
The odds of exacerbation increased as the morphine-equivalent daily dose increased. Each 25-mg increase in morphine-equivalent daily dose was associated with an 11.2% increase in the odds of exacerbation (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.20).
“This dose-response relationship is consistent with previously established evidence … and is indicative of the need for caution in prescribing high doses of opioids to COPD patients,” the researchers wrote.
They also found the odds of exacerbation increased as the exposure window decreased. The OR was 1.74 (95% CI, 1.54-1.97) for opioid exposure in an 8-day window before exacerbation and 2.00 (95% CI, 1.73-2.30) for opioid exposure in a 5-day window before exacerbation.
This suggests that “opioid-induced respiratory depression has a very short-term onset,” according to the researchers.
The team noted that this study has limitations, including its retrospective, observational nature, but the results suggest transient opioid use is associated with acute respiratory exacerbation of COPD.
There was no funding for this study, and none of the researchers declared conflicts of interest.
SOURCE: Rong Y et al. Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Jul 30. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz169.
according to a study of Medicaid claims data.
The data showed that opioid exposure in the prior 7 days was significantly associated with acute respiratory exacerbation. The odds of exacerbation increased as the morphine-equivalent daily dose increased and as the exposure window decreased.
These results “underline the immediacy of the risk of opioid use,” according to Yiran Rong of the department of pharmacy administration at the University of Mississippi in University and colleagues. Ms. Rong and colleagues reported their findings in the American Journal of Epidemiology.
The researchers analyzed Mississippi Medicaid administrative claims data from 2013-2017, which included 1,354 beneficiaries with 1,972 exacerbation events. The beneficiaries had a mean age of 53.11 years, 69.9% were female, and 59.7% were white. The patients had an average of 1.46 exacerbation events, and 62.27% of these events occurred in patients who had an opioid prescription filled in the previous 7 days.
The researchers compared the frequency and dose of opioid exposure in the 7 days before an exacerbation to the opioid exposure in 10 control periods, each 7 days long.
Opioid exposure in the prior 7 days was associated with an 80.8% increase in the odds of exacerbation. The odds ratio, adjusted for exposure to bronchodilators, corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, and beta-blockers, was 1.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.60-2.05).
Opioid exposure was associated with exacerbation in patients with a single exacerbation event (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.61, 2.27), multiple events (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.45-2.01), events recorded in the emergency department (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.71-2.35), and events recorded in the hospital (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.21-1.79).
The odds of exacerbation increased as the morphine-equivalent daily dose increased. Each 25-mg increase in morphine-equivalent daily dose was associated with an 11.2% increase in the odds of exacerbation (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.20).
“This dose-response relationship is consistent with previously established evidence … and is indicative of the need for caution in prescribing high doses of opioids to COPD patients,” the researchers wrote.
They also found the odds of exacerbation increased as the exposure window decreased. The OR was 1.74 (95% CI, 1.54-1.97) for opioid exposure in an 8-day window before exacerbation and 2.00 (95% CI, 1.73-2.30) for opioid exposure in a 5-day window before exacerbation.
This suggests that “opioid-induced respiratory depression has a very short-term onset,” according to the researchers.
The team noted that this study has limitations, including its retrospective, observational nature, but the results suggest transient opioid use is associated with acute respiratory exacerbation of COPD.
There was no funding for this study, and none of the researchers declared conflicts of interest.
SOURCE: Rong Y et al. Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Jul 30. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz169.
according to a study of Medicaid claims data.
The data showed that opioid exposure in the prior 7 days was significantly associated with acute respiratory exacerbation. The odds of exacerbation increased as the morphine-equivalent daily dose increased and as the exposure window decreased.
These results “underline the immediacy of the risk of opioid use,” according to Yiran Rong of the department of pharmacy administration at the University of Mississippi in University and colleagues. Ms. Rong and colleagues reported their findings in the American Journal of Epidemiology.
The researchers analyzed Mississippi Medicaid administrative claims data from 2013-2017, which included 1,354 beneficiaries with 1,972 exacerbation events. The beneficiaries had a mean age of 53.11 years, 69.9% were female, and 59.7% were white. The patients had an average of 1.46 exacerbation events, and 62.27% of these events occurred in patients who had an opioid prescription filled in the previous 7 days.
The researchers compared the frequency and dose of opioid exposure in the 7 days before an exacerbation to the opioid exposure in 10 control periods, each 7 days long.
Opioid exposure in the prior 7 days was associated with an 80.8% increase in the odds of exacerbation. The odds ratio, adjusted for exposure to bronchodilators, corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, and beta-blockers, was 1.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.60-2.05).
Opioid exposure was associated with exacerbation in patients with a single exacerbation event (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.61, 2.27), multiple events (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.45-2.01), events recorded in the emergency department (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.71-2.35), and events recorded in the hospital (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.21-1.79).
The odds of exacerbation increased as the morphine-equivalent daily dose increased. Each 25-mg increase in morphine-equivalent daily dose was associated with an 11.2% increase in the odds of exacerbation (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.20).
“This dose-response relationship is consistent with previously established evidence … and is indicative of the need for caution in prescribing high doses of opioids to COPD patients,” the researchers wrote.
They also found the odds of exacerbation increased as the exposure window decreased. The OR was 1.74 (95% CI, 1.54-1.97) for opioid exposure in an 8-day window before exacerbation and 2.00 (95% CI, 1.73-2.30) for opioid exposure in a 5-day window before exacerbation.
This suggests that “opioid-induced respiratory depression has a very short-term onset,” according to the researchers.
The team noted that this study has limitations, including its retrospective, observational nature, but the results suggest transient opioid use is associated with acute respiratory exacerbation of COPD.
There was no funding for this study, and none of the researchers declared conflicts of interest.
SOURCE: Rong Y et al. Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Jul 30. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz169.
FROM THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY