Key clinical point: Cholecystectomy is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in patients with gallstones, and the risk increases with an incremental period of follow-up.

Major finding: The incidence of prostate cancer was 1.28 and 0.76 per 1,000 person-years for the cholecystectomy and noncholecystectomy cohorts, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.67). The risk of prostate cancer for the cholecystectomy vs. the noncholecystectomy cohort was 1.49-fold greater for ≤1 year, 1.52-fold greater for 1-5 years, and 1.99-fold greater for >5 years of follow-up.

Study details: Taiwanese population-based study compared the risk of prostate cancer between patients with gallstones with (n = 72,606) and without cholecystectomy (n = 72,606) between 2000 and 2010.

Disclosures: This study was supported by the Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare Clinical Trial Center, China Medical University Hospital, Academia Sinica Taiwan Biobank Stroke Biosignature Project, Taiwan Clinical Trial Consortium for Stroke, Tseng-Lien Lin Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan, Taiwan Brain Disease Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan, and Katsuzo and Kiyo Aoshima Memorial Funds, Japan. The authors declared no conflict of interest.