LAS VEGAS – Two new studies suggest that the peptide plecanatide is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation. The drug had a low rate of diarrhea, about 7.1%.
The research, presented in two posters at the annual meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology, includes a pooled efficacy and safety analysis from two previous phase III clinical trials, as well as an open-label extension study.
Though there is no way to be sure in the absence of head-to-head studies, plecanatide could have a better tolerability profile than the existing constipation drugs like lubiprostone (Amitiza) and linaclotide (Linzess).
Dr. Satish Rao
The drug is a derivative of uroguanylin, a peptide found in the gastrointestinal tract. Like the native peptide, plecanatide stimulates digestive fluid movement in the proximal small intestine, which in turn encourages regular bowel function. “I think because it is so much closer to the innate uroguanylin molecule, it will have better tolerability,” said Dr. Rao in an interview.
The open-label study followed 2,370 patients who received 3-mg or 6-mg doses of plecanatide once daily for up to 72 weeks. The most common adverse events were diarrhea (7.1%) and urinary tract infection (2.2%), and these were the only adverse events that occurred at a frequency above 2%.
About 5% of patients discontinued due to adverse events, 3.1% because of diarrhea. Patients were also asked to score their satisfaction with the drug and their willingness to continue on it, and the median values to those answers corresponded to quite satisfied and quite likely to continue.
The other study was a pooled analysis of two previously presented double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trials of plecanatide. These studies included 2,791 patients with chronic idiopathic constipation who were treated over the course of 12 weeks, with 3- and 6-mg doses. Both groups showed significant improvements in the rate of durable overall complete spontaneous bowel movements: 20.5% in the 3-mg group and 19.8% in the 6-mg group, compared with 11.5% in the placebo group (P less than .001 for both comparisons).
Patients experienced improvements as early as the first week of treatment (31.6% in the 3-mg group versus 16.1% in placebo, P less than .001), and improvements were maintained through the end of the treatment period. There were also significant improvements in secondary endpoints, including stool consistency, straining, and bloating.
Adverse events occurred in 30.6% of subjects taking the 3-mg dose and 31.1% of those taking 6 mg, compared with 28.7% in the placebo group. As with the long-term study, the most common adverse event was diarrhea (4.6% in 3 mg and 5.1% in 6 mg, compared with 1.3% in placebo). Of those in the 3-mg group, 4.1% discontinued, as did 4.5% in the 6-mg group, and 2.2% in the placebo group.
“I think these are very exciting results. They clearly show a benefit of plecanatide in patients with chronic constipation. These are really methodologically rigorous, large clinical trials that should provide doctors and patients with confidence that the drug will provide benefits,” commented William D. Chey, MD, a professor of medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Plecanatide is also being developed for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation, and has finished recruitment for two phase III clinical trials, which Synergy expects to report on later this year.
Dr. Rao is a member of an advisory committee for Forest Laboratories, Hollister, In Control Medical, Ironwood, Sucampo, and Vibrant. Dr. Chey is a consultant for Ironwood and Synergy.
AGA Resource
AGA offers information for your patients about constipation at http://www.gastro.org/patient-care/conditions-diseases/constipation.
