How best to treat “long-haulers” with reactive arthritis?

In medicine—especially when rare diseases are considered—we must often make decisions without perfect science.

In the June Photo Rounds column, “Foot rash and joint pain” (J Fam Pract. 2021;70:249-251), Badon et al presented a case of ­chlamydia-associated reactive arthritis (ReA), formerly called Reiter syndrome, in a 21-year-old man following Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis. We would like to point out that, contrary to the conventional definition of ReA, in which the causative pathogen can’t be cultured from the affected joints,¹ chlamydia-associated ReA is associated with evidence of chronic joint infection that, while not cultivable, can be confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction testing of metabolically active pathogens in synovial tissue and/or fluid.²

C trachomatis and C pneumoniae are the most frequent causative pathogens to elicit ReA.³ Short-course antibiotics and anti-­inflammatory treatments can palliate ReA, but these treatments often do not provide a cure.³ Two controlled clinical trials demonstrated that chlamydia-associated ReA can be treated successfully with longer-term combination antibiotic therapy.^4,5 ReA is usually diagnosed in the acute stage (first 6 months) and can become chronic in 30% of cases.⁶ It would be interesting to know the long-term treatment and outcome data for the case patient.

David L. Hahn, MD, MS
Alan P. Hudson, PhD
Charles Stratton, MD
Wilmore Webley, PhD
Judith Whittum-Hudson, PhD

In medicine—especially when rare diseases are considered—we must often make decisions without perfect science.

In the June Photo Rounds column, “Foot rash and joint pain” (J Fam Pract. 2021;70:249-251), Badon et al presented a case of ­chlamydia-associated reactive arthritis (ReA), formerly called Reiter syndrome, in a 21-year-old man following Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis. We would like to point out that, contrary to the conventional definition of ReA, in which the causative pathogen can’t be cultured from the affected joints,¹ chlamydia-associated ReA is associated with evidence of chronic joint infection that, while not cultivable, can be confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction testing of metabolically active pathogens in synovial tissue and/or fluid.²

C trachomatis and C pneumoniae are the most frequent causative pathogens to elicit ReA.³ Short-course antibiotics and anti-­inflammatory treatments can palliate ReA, but these treatments often do not provide a cure.³ Two controlled clinical trials demonstrated that chlamydia-associated ReA can be treated successfully with longer-term combination antibiotic therapy.^4,5 ReA is usually diagnosed in the acute stage (first 6 months) and can become chronic in 30% of cases.⁶ It would be interesting to know the long-term treatment and outcome data for the case patient.

David L. Hahn, MD, MS
Alan P. Hudson, PhD
Charles Stratton, MD
Wilmore Webley, PhD
Judith Whittum-Hudson, PhD

In medicine—especially when rare diseases are considered—we must often make decisions without perfect science.

In the June Photo Rounds column, “Foot rash and joint pain” (J Fam Pract. 2021;70:249-251), Badon et al presented a case of ­chlamydia-associated reactive arthritis (ReA), formerly called Reiter syndrome, in a 21-year-old man following Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis. We would like to point out that, contrary to the conventional definition of ReA, in which the causative pathogen can’t be cultured from the affected joints,¹ chlamydia-associated ReA is associated with evidence of chronic joint infection that, while not cultivable, can be confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction testing of metabolically active pathogens in synovial tissue and/or fluid.²

C trachomatis and C pneumoniae are the most frequent causative pathogens to elicit ReA.³ Short-course antibiotics and anti-­inflammatory treatments can palliate ReA, but these treatments often do not provide a cure.³ Two controlled clinical trials demonstrated that chlamydia-associated ReA can be treated successfully with longer-term combination antibiotic therapy.^4,5 ReA is usually diagnosed in the acute stage (first 6 months) and can become chronic in 30% of cases.⁶ It would be interesting to know the long-term treatment and outcome data for the case patient.

David L. Hahn, MD, MS
Alan P. Hudson, PhD
Charles Stratton, MD
Wilmore Webley, PhD
Judith Whittum-Hudson, PhD