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Clear Cell Sarcoma Incidence and Survival: A SEER Database Analysis
Background
Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a rare soft tissue cancer that predominantly affects young to middle-aged adults. Current literature lacks recent accurate estimates of patient outcomes due to the disease’s low incidence and the small sample sizes in studies, particularly at a national registry level. This study aims to examine the incidence and survival of patients with CCS.
Methods
Patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database diagnosed with CCS between 2000-2020 were selected. Additional variables were collected including age, sex, race, stage, presence of metastases, tumor size, treatment status for surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, time to treatment, median household income, and population size. Descriptive statistics, population-based incidence, log-rank tests with Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox regression analyses were performed.
Results
A total of 287 patients were included. The population-adjusted incidence ranged from 0.012/100000 in 2004 to 0.027/100000 in 2010. The total percent change over the study period was 16.751% and the annual percent change, which did not change significantly over the study period, was 0.561%. The survival rate was 78.4% at one year, 62.0% at three years, and 57.1% at five years. Log-rank results showed Black patients survived shorter than White and Hispanic patients. Further, greater staging and tumor size >4.0cm were associated with shorter survival (p’s< 0.001). After controlling for covariates, Cox regression results showed Black patients were associated with shorter survival compared to White patients (p=0.038, hazard ratio=2.590). No other covariates were significantly associated with survival.
Conclusions
The findings showed CCS incidence is unchanged in recent years and prognosis is poor. Additionally, Black patients were associated with shorter survival duration compared to White patients. Contrary to prior findings on CCS, staging and tumor size were only significantly associated during univariate analyses, but not on Cox regression. The study was limited by a small sample size and variables found in the SEER database. Nonetheless, future research will benefit from assessing how race is an independent risk factor for CCS survival and how the prognosis of CCS patients can be improved.
Background
Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a rare soft tissue cancer that predominantly affects young to middle-aged adults. Current literature lacks recent accurate estimates of patient outcomes due to the disease’s low incidence and the small sample sizes in studies, particularly at a national registry level. This study aims to examine the incidence and survival of patients with CCS.
Methods
Patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database diagnosed with CCS between 2000-2020 were selected. Additional variables were collected including age, sex, race, stage, presence of metastases, tumor size, treatment status for surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, time to treatment, median household income, and population size. Descriptive statistics, population-based incidence, log-rank tests with Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox regression analyses were performed.
Results
A total of 287 patients were included. The population-adjusted incidence ranged from 0.012/100000 in 2004 to 0.027/100000 in 2010. The total percent change over the study period was 16.751% and the annual percent change, which did not change significantly over the study period, was 0.561%. The survival rate was 78.4% at one year, 62.0% at three years, and 57.1% at five years. Log-rank results showed Black patients survived shorter than White and Hispanic patients. Further, greater staging and tumor size >4.0cm were associated with shorter survival (p’s< 0.001). After controlling for covariates, Cox regression results showed Black patients were associated with shorter survival compared to White patients (p=0.038, hazard ratio=2.590). No other covariates were significantly associated with survival.
Conclusions
The findings showed CCS incidence is unchanged in recent years and prognosis is poor. Additionally, Black patients were associated with shorter survival duration compared to White patients. Contrary to prior findings on CCS, staging and tumor size were only significantly associated during univariate analyses, but not on Cox regression. The study was limited by a small sample size and variables found in the SEER database. Nonetheless, future research will benefit from assessing how race is an independent risk factor for CCS survival and how the prognosis of CCS patients can be improved.
Background
Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a rare soft tissue cancer that predominantly affects young to middle-aged adults. Current literature lacks recent accurate estimates of patient outcomes due to the disease’s low incidence and the small sample sizes in studies, particularly at a national registry level. This study aims to examine the incidence and survival of patients with CCS.
Methods
Patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database diagnosed with CCS between 2000-2020 were selected. Additional variables were collected including age, sex, race, stage, presence of metastases, tumor size, treatment status for surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, time to treatment, median household income, and population size. Descriptive statistics, population-based incidence, log-rank tests with Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox regression analyses were performed.
Results
A total of 287 patients were included. The population-adjusted incidence ranged from 0.012/100000 in 2004 to 0.027/100000 in 2010. The total percent change over the study period was 16.751% and the annual percent change, which did not change significantly over the study period, was 0.561%. The survival rate was 78.4% at one year, 62.0% at three years, and 57.1% at five years. Log-rank results showed Black patients survived shorter than White and Hispanic patients. Further, greater staging and tumor size >4.0cm were associated with shorter survival (p’s< 0.001). After controlling for covariates, Cox regression results showed Black patients were associated with shorter survival compared to White patients (p=0.038, hazard ratio=2.590). No other covariates were significantly associated with survival.
Conclusions
The findings showed CCS incidence is unchanged in recent years and prognosis is poor. Additionally, Black patients were associated with shorter survival duration compared to White patients. Contrary to prior findings on CCS, staging and tumor size were only significantly associated during univariate analyses, but not on Cox regression. The study was limited by a small sample size and variables found in the SEER database. Nonetheless, future research will benefit from assessing how race is an independent risk factor for CCS survival and how the prognosis of CCS patients can be improved.
Survival and Incidence of Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors: A SEER Database Analysis
Background
Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (GNETs) are slow-growing tumors derived from enterochromaffinlike cells whose prognosis depends on the type. Prior GNET studies have shown an increasing incidence but survival analyses have been more limited. This study aims to investigate if the increasing incidence trend continues and better describe factors associated with survival for GNET patients.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with GNET between 2000-2020 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Additional variables collected were age, sex, race, stage, presence of metastases, tumor size, treatment status for surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, median household income, and population size. Descriptive statistics, population-based incidence, log-rank tests with Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox regression analyses were performed.
Results
A total of 6512 patients were included. The one-, three-, and five-year survival rates were 90.4%, 85.0%, and 83.8%, respectively. The population-adjusted incidence ranged from 0.272/100000 in 2000 to 0.680/100000 in 2018. The total percent change in incidence over the study range was 104.1% with an annual percent change of 4.27%, which met significance <2.0cm and >5.0cm were associated with shorter survival (p’s< 0.05). Additionally, females, Hispanic patients, and recipients of surgery were associated with longer survival (p’s< 0.05).
Conclusions
The findings show GNET incidence has continued to increase over the past two decades. Additionally, clinical factors including stage, extent of metastasis, tumor size and socioeconomic factors like age, gender, and race were associated with changes in GNET survival. In the context of increasing incidence of GNET these findings describe factors associated with lower- and higher-risk tumors. Further assessment of these risk factors can benefit future research to better understand why GNET incidence is increasing, aid in risk stratification of GNET patients, and improve the prognosis of GNET.
Background
Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (GNETs) are slow-growing tumors derived from enterochromaffinlike cells whose prognosis depends on the type. Prior GNET studies have shown an increasing incidence but survival analyses have been more limited. This study aims to investigate if the increasing incidence trend continues and better describe factors associated with survival for GNET patients.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with GNET between 2000-2020 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Additional variables collected were age, sex, race, stage, presence of metastases, tumor size, treatment status for surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, median household income, and population size. Descriptive statistics, population-based incidence, log-rank tests with Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox regression analyses were performed.
Results
A total of 6512 patients were included. The one-, three-, and five-year survival rates were 90.4%, 85.0%, and 83.8%, respectively. The population-adjusted incidence ranged from 0.272/100000 in 2000 to 0.680/100000 in 2018. The total percent change in incidence over the study range was 104.1% with an annual percent change of 4.27%, which met significance <2.0cm and >5.0cm were associated with shorter survival (p’s< 0.05). Additionally, females, Hispanic patients, and recipients of surgery were associated with longer survival (p’s< 0.05).
Conclusions
The findings show GNET incidence has continued to increase over the past two decades. Additionally, clinical factors including stage, extent of metastasis, tumor size and socioeconomic factors like age, gender, and race were associated with changes in GNET survival. In the context of increasing incidence of GNET these findings describe factors associated with lower- and higher-risk tumors. Further assessment of these risk factors can benefit future research to better understand why GNET incidence is increasing, aid in risk stratification of GNET patients, and improve the prognosis of GNET.
Background
Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (GNETs) are slow-growing tumors derived from enterochromaffinlike cells whose prognosis depends on the type. Prior GNET studies have shown an increasing incidence but survival analyses have been more limited. This study aims to investigate if the increasing incidence trend continues and better describe factors associated with survival for GNET patients.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with GNET between 2000-2020 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Additional variables collected were age, sex, race, stage, presence of metastases, tumor size, treatment status for surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, median household income, and population size. Descriptive statistics, population-based incidence, log-rank tests with Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox regression analyses were performed.
Results
A total of 6512 patients were included. The one-, three-, and five-year survival rates were 90.4%, 85.0%, and 83.8%, respectively. The population-adjusted incidence ranged from 0.272/100000 in 2000 to 0.680/100000 in 2018. The total percent change in incidence over the study range was 104.1% with an annual percent change of 4.27%, which met significance <2.0cm and >5.0cm were associated with shorter survival (p’s< 0.05). Additionally, females, Hispanic patients, and recipients of surgery were associated with longer survival (p’s< 0.05).
Conclusions
The findings show GNET incidence has continued to increase over the past two decades. Additionally, clinical factors including stage, extent of metastasis, tumor size and socioeconomic factors like age, gender, and race were associated with changes in GNET survival. In the context of increasing incidence of GNET these findings describe factors associated with lower- and higher-risk tumors. Further assessment of these risk factors can benefit future research to better understand why GNET incidence is increasing, aid in risk stratification of GNET patients, and improve the prognosis of GNET.