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Acute Intraprosthetic Dissociation of a Dual-Mobility Hip in the United States
Take-Home Points
- AIPD of DM-THA is defined by dissociation within 1 year of implantation resulting from component impingement or closed reduction maneuvers.
- This is a distinct entity from “late” IPD (>1 year) from implantation as this is associated most often with polyethylene wear, component loosening, and arthrofibrosis.
- A history of DM dislocation followed by subjective “clunking,” instability, and a series of more frequent dislocations should raise concern for AIPD.
- Classic radiographic findings of AIPD include eccentric hip reduction and soft tissue radiolucency (ie, halo sign) from dissociated polyethylene component.
- Treating practitioners of AIPD should consider closed reduction with general anesthesia and sedation in the operating room to limit risk of dissociation.
Dual-mobility (DM) components were invented in the 1970s and have been used in primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Europe ever since.1 However, DM components are most commonly used in the treatment of recurrent hip instability, and early results have been promising.2 In DM-THAs, a smaller (22-mm or 28-mm) metal femoral head snap-fits into a larger polyethylene ball (inner articulation), which articulates with a highly polished metal shell (outer articulation), which is either implanted directly in the acetabulum or placed in an uncemented acetabular cup. The 2 articulations used in these devices theoretically increase hip range of motion (ROM) and increase the inferior head displacement distance (jump distance) required for dislocation.3
However, this DM articulation with increased ROM may also cause chronic impingement of the femoral component neck or Morse taper against the outer polyethylene bearing, resulting in polyethylene wear and late intraprosthetic dissociation (IPD) (separation of inner articulation between femoral head and polyethylene liner). In 2004, Lecuire and colleagues4 reported 7 cases of IPD occurring a mean of 10 years after implantation during the period 1989 to 1997. In 2013, Philippot and colleagues5 reported that 81 of 1960 primary THAs developed IPD a mean of 9 years after implantation. These IPD cases were attributed to polyethylene wear or outer articulation blockage caused by arthrofibrosis or heterotopic ossification. Reports of acute IPD (AIPD), however, are rare. In 2011, Stigbrand and Ullmark6 reported 3 cases in which the DM prosthesis dislocated within 1 year after implantation. It was suggested that the inner metal head dissociated from the larger polyethylene component after attempted closed reduction for dislocation (separation of larger polyethylene component from acetabulum or acetabular liner).
DM components were unavailable to surgeons in the United States until 2011. The first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved DM device was the MDM (Modular Dual Mobility, Stryker). To our knowledge, 2 cases of AIPD with this prosthesis have been reported.7, 8 As with the cases in Europe, closed reduction was the suspected cause, but there was no explanation for the initial dislocation event.
In this article, we present the case of a nondemented man who developed AIPD of a THA with the MDM component and a 28-mm femoral head with a skirted neck (StelKast). His operative findings suggest a poor head-to-neck ratio caused by a larger diameter femoral neck or a skirted prosthesis, or a forceful reduction maneuver, may predispose DM components to AIPD. The patient provided written informed consent for print and electronic publication of this case report.
Case Report
In 2012, a 63-year-old man with a history of drug abuse underwent left primary THA. Seven posterior dislocations and 3 years later, the acetabular component was revised to the MDM prosthesis; the well-fixed StelKast femoral component was retained (Figure 1).
Within 3 months after revision surgery, the left hip dislocated 3 times in 1 week, when the patient bent over to retrieve an object on the ground. The first 2 dislocations were treated with closed reduction under conscious sedation at an outside emergency department. 
With the patient’s erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level both normal, a second revision was performed. During surgery, the polyethylene head was found beneath the gluteus maximus (Figure 4). 
Discussion
Recurrent dislocation and instability accounts for 22.5% of THA revisions in the United States.9 Until 2011, options for managing recurrent dislocation in the United States included modular component exchange, component revision for malposition, and use of constrained components.10
In 1974, Bousquet first reported use of the DM prosthesis in primary THA; the prosthesis allowed increased stability without sacrificing motion or fixation.1 However, longer-term studies of DM components disclosed a new complication, IPD. In 2004, Lecuire and colleagues4 reported 7 cases of IPD occurring a mean of 10 years after implantation of the Bousquet prosthesis. 
AIPD, which occurs within 1 year after implantation, has been reported much less often than late IPD. Stigbrand and Ullmark6 reported 3 cases of AIPD that developed within 7 months after implantation of Amplitude and Advantage (Zimmer Biomet) DM prostheses.
This unusual complication apparently is not confined to a specific implant or region. Since the MDM component was introduced in the United States, 2 more cases of AIPD have been identified (Table). Banzhof and colleagues7 reported the case of a 68-year-old woman who, 2 months after the MDM was placed for recurrent instability, dislocated the component while rising from a seated position. Her IPD most likely resulted from a closed reduction. The affected hip eventually required closed reduction in the operating room. Postreduction radiographs showed the characteristic eccentric appearance; a halo, also visible in the soft tissues, corresponded with the dissociated radiolucent polyethylene liner. The authors attributed the early failure to an eccentrically seated metal liner that separated the locking mechanism. The MDM component was revised to a conventional THA, with the femoral head upsized and length added.
Ward and colleagues8 reported the case of an 87-year-old woman who had a conventional THA revised to an MDM component for recurrent instability. Two months after surgery, this patient, who had dementia, experienced 2 posterior dislocations while rising from a chair. Closed reduction in the emergency department seemed successful, but later she presented to the surgeon’s office with symptoms of instability and clunking, complaints similar to our patient’s. Radiographs showed an eccentric reduction caused by IPD, and the MDM component was revised to a constrained liner. Adding a MDM component to a retained DePuy (DePuy Synthes) femoral stem and head is considered “off-label use,” which, the authors proposed, may have been related to the AIPD in their patient’s case. However, one manufacturer’s femoral component and head are often mated with another manufacturer’s acetabular component to allow for a less complex revision. Our recommendation for surgeons is that, before proceeding with this treatment option, they investigate each component’s exact dimensions to ensure there are no subtle size differences that could cause problems. For example, a 28-mm head diameter that is actually 28.2 mm may affect mating properties, with the inner polyethylene articulation causing AIPD to develop.
Other cases of earlier IPD have been described, but they do not fit the APID definition given in this article. Riviere and colleagues14 reported the case of a 42-year-old man who, because of a previous adverse reaction to metal debris, underwent revision to a DM polyethylene ball in a retained BHR (Birmingham Hip Resurfacing) acetabular shell (Birmingham Hip, Smith & Nephew). Unfortunately, IPD occurred 14 months after surgery. Banka and colleagues15 reported the case of a 70-year-old woman who underwent revision to a DM cup for recurrent instability, but they did not specify the length of time between implantation and IPD and did not offer an explanation for the complication. Finally, Odland and Sierra16 reported the case of a 77-year-old man, with previous intertrochanteric and pelvic fractures, who underwent revision to a DM cup with retention of a Waldemar femoral component (Waldemar Link). He spontaneously developed IPD with ambulation 2 years after surgery.
Certainly, our patient’s presentation course is similar to other patients’. Within 3 months after revision to the MDM component, his left hip dislocated 3 times in 1 week. We contend his AIPD resulted from closed reduction, with the polyethylene dislodged from the femoral head with contact on the acetabulum. A larger or skirted neck may increase impingement during normal activity and thereby widen the polyethylene opening excessively and/or reduce the polyethylene ball ROM to impinge during the relocation maneuver. In this case, dissociation was noted only after the third dislocation. Pathognomonic eccentric positioning of the head in the acetabulum and, less commonly, the halo sign were evident on postreduction radiographs. Optimal treatment for AIPD of a DM component is controversial. Choices are limited to a constrained liner or, if possible, repeat DM with larger components. For recurrent dislocation, our patient underwent revision to an MDM component, but a femoral head with a skirted neck was used in an attempt to increase soft-tissue tension. During the second revision, minor eccentric wear of the inner articulation of the polyethylene component (consistent with impingement) was noted, and wear was visible on inspection of the outer articulation. We think his AIPD resulted from femoral neck impingement of the skirted head against the polyethylene ball.
AIPD is a discrete entity, with sudden failure of a DM component within 1 year after implantation. AIPD is characterized by dissociation of the femoral head from the inner articulation, resulting from impingement or closed reduction. More studies are needed to determine which patients with DM components are at highest risk and which treatment is most appropriate. We recommend taking extra care when reducing hips with this articulation and adopting a low threshold for general anesthesia use in the presence of paralysis.
Am J Orthop. 2017;46(3):E154-E159. Copyright Frontline Medical Communications Inc. 2017. All rights reserved.
1. Farizon F, de Lavison R, Azoulai JJ, Bousquet G. Results with a cementless alumina-coated cup with dual mobility. A twelve-year follow-up study. Int Orthop. 1998;22(4):219-224.
2. Lachiewicz PF, Watters TS. The use of dual-mobility components in total hip arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012;20(8):481-486.
3. De Martino I, Triantafyllopoulos GK, Sculco PK, Sculco TP. Dual mobility cups in total hip arthroplasty. World J Orthop. 2014;5(3):180-187.
4. Lecuire F, Benareau I, Rubini J, Basso M. Intra-prosthetic dislocation of the Bousquet dual mobility socket [in French]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 2004;90(3):249-255.
5. Philippot R, Boyer B, Farizon F. Intraprosthetic dislocation: a specific complication of the dual-mobility system. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471(3):965-970.
6. Stigbrand H, Ullmark G. Component dissociation after closed reduction of dual mobility sockets—a report of three cases. Hip Int. 2011;21(2):263-266.
7. Banzhof JA, Robbins CE, Ven AV, Talmo CT, Bono JV. Femoral head dislodgement complicating use of a dual mobility prosthesis for recurrent instability. J Arthroplasty. 2013;28(3):543.e1-e3.
8. Ward JP, McCardel BR, Hallstrom BR. Complete dissociation of the polyethylene component in a newly available dual-mobility bearing used in total hip arthroplasty: a case report. JBJS Case Connect. 2013;3(3):e94.
9. Bozic KJ, Kurtz SM, Lau E, Ong K, Vail TP, Berry DJ. The epidemiology of revision total hip arthroplasty in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(1):128-133.
10. Parvizi J, Picinic E, Sharkey PF. Revision total hip arthroplasty for instability: surgical techniques and principles. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(5):1134-1142.
11. Guyen O, Lewallen DG, Cabanela ME. Modes of failure of Osteonics constrained tripolar implants: a retrospective analysis of forty-three failed implants. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(7):1553-1560.
12. Lachiewicz PF, Kelley SS. The use of constrained components in total hip arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2002;10(4):233-238.
13. Williams JT Jr, Ragland PS, Clarke S. Constrained components for the unstable hip following total hip arthroplasty: a literature review. Int Orthop. 2007;31(3):273-277.
14. Riviere C, Lavigne M, Alghamdi A, Vendittoli PA. Early failure of metal-on-metal large-diameter head total hip arthroplasty revised with a dual-mobility bearing: a case report. JBJS Case Connect. 2013;3(3):e95.
15. Banka TR, Ast MP, Parks ML. Early intraprosthetic dislocation in a revision dual-mobility hip prosthesis. Orthopedics. 2014;37(4):e395-e397.
16. Odland AN, Sierra RJ. Intraprosthetic dislocation of a contemporary dual-mobility design used during conversion THA. Orthopedics. 2014;37(12):e1124-e1128.
Take-Home Points
- AIPD of DM-THA is defined by dissociation within 1 year of implantation resulting from component impingement or closed reduction maneuvers.
- This is a distinct entity from “late” IPD (>1 year) from implantation as this is associated most often with polyethylene wear, component loosening, and arthrofibrosis.
- A history of DM dislocation followed by subjective “clunking,” instability, and a series of more frequent dislocations should raise concern for AIPD.
- Classic radiographic findings of AIPD include eccentric hip reduction and soft tissue radiolucency (ie, halo sign) from dissociated polyethylene component.
- Treating practitioners of AIPD should consider closed reduction with general anesthesia and sedation in the operating room to limit risk of dissociation.
Dual-mobility (DM) components were invented in the 1970s and have been used in primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Europe ever since.1 However, DM components are most commonly used in the treatment of recurrent hip instability, and early results have been promising.2 In DM-THAs, a smaller (22-mm or 28-mm) metal femoral head snap-fits into a larger polyethylene ball (inner articulation), which articulates with a highly polished metal shell (outer articulation), which is either implanted directly in the acetabulum or placed in an uncemented acetabular cup. The 2 articulations used in these devices theoretically increase hip range of motion (ROM) and increase the inferior head displacement distance (jump distance) required for dislocation.3
However, this DM articulation with increased ROM may also cause chronic impingement of the femoral component neck or Morse taper against the outer polyethylene bearing, resulting in polyethylene wear and late intraprosthetic dissociation (IPD) (separation of inner articulation between femoral head and polyethylene liner). In 2004, Lecuire and colleagues4 reported 7 cases of IPD occurring a mean of 10 years after implantation during the period 1989 to 1997. In 2013, Philippot and colleagues5 reported that 81 of 1960 primary THAs developed IPD a mean of 9 years after implantation. These IPD cases were attributed to polyethylene wear or outer articulation blockage caused by arthrofibrosis or heterotopic ossification. Reports of acute IPD (AIPD), however, are rare. In 2011, Stigbrand and Ullmark6 reported 3 cases in which the DM prosthesis dislocated within 1 year after implantation. It was suggested that the inner metal head dissociated from the larger polyethylene component after attempted closed reduction for dislocation (separation of larger polyethylene component from acetabulum or acetabular liner).
DM components were unavailable to surgeons in the United States until 2011. The first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved DM device was the MDM (Modular Dual Mobility, Stryker). To our knowledge, 2 cases of AIPD with this prosthesis have been reported.7, 8 As with the cases in Europe, closed reduction was the suspected cause, but there was no explanation for the initial dislocation event.
In this article, we present the case of a nondemented man who developed AIPD of a THA with the MDM component and a 28-mm femoral head with a skirted neck (StelKast). His operative findings suggest a poor head-to-neck ratio caused by a larger diameter femoral neck or a skirted prosthesis, or a forceful reduction maneuver, may predispose DM components to AIPD. The patient provided written informed consent for print and electronic publication of this case report.
Case Report
In 2012, a 63-year-old man with a history of drug abuse underwent left primary THA. Seven posterior dislocations and 3 years later, the acetabular component was revised to the MDM prosthesis; the well-fixed StelKast femoral component was retained (Figure 1).
Within 3 months after revision surgery, the left hip dislocated 3 times in 1 week, when the patient bent over to retrieve an object on the ground. The first 2 dislocations were treated with closed reduction under conscious sedation at an outside emergency department.
With the patient’s erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level both normal, a second revision was performed. During surgery, the polyethylene head was found beneath the gluteus maximus (Figure 4).
Discussion
Recurrent dislocation and instability accounts for 22.5% of THA revisions in the United States.9 Until 2011, options for managing recurrent dislocation in the United States included modular component exchange, component revision for malposition, and use of constrained components.10
In 1974, Bousquet first reported use of the DM prosthesis in primary THA; the prosthesis allowed increased stability without sacrificing motion or fixation.1 However, longer-term studies of DM components disclosed a new complication, IPD. In 2004, Lecuire and colleagues4 reported 7 cases of IPD occurring a mean of 10 years after implantation of the Bousquet prosthesis.
AIPD, which occurs within 1 year after implantation, has been reported much less often than late IPD. Stigbrand and Ullmark6 reported 3 cases of AIPD that developed within 7 months after implantation of Amplitude and Advantage (Zimmer Biomet) DM prostheses.
This unusual complication apparently is not confined to a specific implant or region. Since the MDM component was introduced in the United States, 2 more cases of AIPD have been identified (Table). Banzhof and colleagues7 reported the case of a 68-year-old woman who, 2 months after the MDM was placed for recurrent instability, dislocated the component while rising from a seated position. Her IPD most likely resulted from a closed reduction. The affected hip eventually required closed reduction in the operating room. Postreduction radiographs showed the characteristic eccentric appearance; a halo, also visible in the soft tissues, corresponded with the dissociated radiolucent polyethylene liner. The authors attributed the early failure to an eccentrically seated metal liner that separated the locking mechanism. The MDM component was revised to a conventional THA, with the femoral head upsized and length added.
Ward and colleagues8 reported the case of an 87-year-old woman who had a conventional THA revised to an MDM component for recurrent instability. Two months after surgery, this patient, who had dementia, experienced 2 posterior dislocations while rising from a chair. Closed reduction in the emergency department seemed successful, but later she presented to the surgeon’s office with symptoms of instability and clunking, complaints similar to our patient’s. Radiographs showed an eccentric reduction caused by IPD, and the MDM component was revised to a constrained liner. Adding a MDM component to a retained DePuy (DePuy Synthes) femoral stem and head is considered “off-label use,” which, the authors proposed, may have been related to the AIPD in their patient’s case. However, one manufacturer’s femoral component and head are often mated with another manufacturer’s acetabular component to allow for a less complex revision. Our recommendation for surgeons is that, before proceeding with this treatment option, they investigate each component’s exact dimensions to ensure there are no subtle size differences that could cause problems. For example, a 28-mm head diameter that is actually 28.2 mm may affect mating properties, with the inner polyethylene articulation causing AIPD to develop.
Other cases of earlier IPD have been described, but they do not fit the APID definition given in this article. Riviere and colleagues14 reported the case of a 42-year-old man who, because of a previous adverse reaction to metal debris, underwent revision to a DM polyethylene ball in a retained BHR (Birmingham Hip Resurfacing) acetabular shell (Birmingham Hip, Smith & Nephew). Unfortunately, IPD occurred 14 months after surgery. Banka and colleagues15 reported the case of a 70-year-old woman who underwent revision to a DM cup for recurrent instability, but they did not specify the length of time between implantation and IPD and did not offer an explanation for the complication. Finally, Odland and Sierra16 reported the case of a 77-year-old man, with previous intertrochanteric and pelvic fractures, who underwent revision to a DM cup with retention of a Waldemar femoral component (Waldemar Link). He spontaneously developed IPD with ambulation 2 years after surgery.
Certainly, our patient’s presentation course is similar to other patients’. Within 3 months after revision to the MDM component, his left hip dislocated 3 times in 1 week. We contend his AIPD resulted from closed reduction, with the polyethylene dislodged from the femoral head with contact on the acetabulum. A larger or skirted neck may increase impingement during normal activity and thereby widen the polyethylene opening excessively and/or reduce the polyethylene ball ROM to impinge during the relocation maneuver. In this case, dissociation was noted only after the third dislocation. Pathognomonic eccentric positioning of the head in the acetabulum and, less commonly, the halo sign were evident on postreduction radiographs. Optimal treatment for AIPD of a DM component is controversial. Choices are limited to a constrained liner or, if possible, repeat DM with larger components. For recurrent dislocation, our patient underwent revision to an MDM component, but a femoral head with a skirted neck was used in an attempt to increase soft-tissue tension. During the second revision, minor eccentric wear of the inner articulation of the polyethylene component (consistent with impingement) was noted, and wear was visible on inspection of the outer articulation. We think his AIPD resulted from femoral neck impingement of the skirted head against the polyethylene ball.
AIPD is a discrete entity, with sudden failure of a DM component within 1 year after implantation. AIPD is characterized by dissociation of the femoral head from the inner articulation, resulting from impingement or closed reduction. More studies are needed to determine which patients with DM components are at highest risk and which treatment is most appropriate. We recommend taking extra care when reducing hips with this articulation and adopting a low threshold for general anesthesia use in the presence of paralysis.
Am J Orthop. 2017;46(3):E154-E159. Copyright Frontline Medical Communications Inc. 2017. All rights reserved.
Take-Home Points
- AIPD of DM-THA is defined by dissociation within 1 year of implantation resulting from component impingement or closed reduction maneuvers.
- This is a distinct entity from “late” IPD (>1 year) from implantation as this is associated most often with polyethylene wear, component loosening, and arthrofibrosis.
- A history of DM dislocation followed by subjective “clunking,” instability, and a series of more frequent dislocations should raise concern for AIPD.
- Classic radiographic findings of AIPD include eccentric hip reduction and soft tissue radiolucency (ie, halo sign) from dissociated polyethylene component.
- Treating practitioners of AIPD should consider closed reduction with general anesthesia and sedation in the operating room to limit risk of dissociation.
Dual-mobility (DM) components were invented in the 1970s and have been used in primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Europe ever since.1 However, DM components are most commonly used in the treatment of recurrent hip instability, and early results have been promising.2 In DM-THAs, a smaller (22-mm or 28-mm) metal femoral head snap-fits into a larger polyethylene ball (inner articulation), which articulates with a highly polished metal shell (outer articulation), which is either implanted directly in the acetabulum or placed in an uncemented acetabular cup. The 2 articulations used in these devices theoretically increase hip range of motion (ROM) and increase the inferior head displacement distance (jump distance) required for dislocation.3
However, this DM articulation with increased ROM may also cause chronic impingement of the femoral component neck or Morse taper against the outer polyethylene bearing, resulting in polyethylene wear and late intraprosthetic dissociation (IPD) (separation of inner articulation between femoral head and polyethylene liner). In 2004, Lecuire and colleagues4 reported 7 cases of IPD occurring a mean of 10 years after implantation during the period 1989 to 1997. In 2013, Philippot and colleagues5 reported that 81 of 1960 primary THAs developed IPD a mean of 9 years after implantation. These IPD cases were attributed to polyethylene wear or outer articulation blockage caused by arthrofibrosis or heterotopic ossification. Reports of acute IPD (AIPD), however, are rare. In 2011, Stigbrand and Ullmark6 reported 3 cases in which the DM prosthesis dislocated within 1 year after implantation. It was suggested that the inner metal head dissociated from the larger polyethylene component after attempted closed reduction for dislocation (separation of larger polyethylene component from acetabulum or acetabular liner).
DM components were unavailable to surgeons in the United States until 2011. The first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved DM device was the MDM (Modular Dual Mobility, Stryker). To our knowledge, 2 cases of AIPD with this prosthesis have been reported.7, 8 As with the cases in Europe, closed reduction was the suspected cause, but there was no explanation for the initial dislocation event.
In this article, we present the case of a nondemented man who developed AIPD of a THA with the MDM component and a 28-mm femoral head with a skirted neck (StelKast). His operative findings suggest a poor head-to-neck ratio caused by a larger diameter femoral neck or a skirted prosthesis, or a forceful reduction maneuver, may predispose DM components to AIPD. The patient provided written informed consent for print and electronic publication of this case report.
Case Report
In 2012, a 63-year-old man with a history of drug abuse underwent left primary THA. Seven posterior dislocations and 3 years later, the acetabular component was revised to the MDM prosthesis; the well-fixed StelKast femoral component was retained (Figure 1).
Within 3 months after revision surgery, the left hip dislocated 3 times in 1 week, when the patient bent over to retrieve an object on the ground. The first 2 dislocations were treated with closed reduction under conscious sedation at an outside emergency department.
With the patient’s erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level both normal, a second revision was performed. During surgery, the polyethylene head was found beneath the gluteus maximus (Figure 4).
Discussion
Recurrent dislocation and instability accounts for 22.5% of THA revisions in the United States.9 Until 2011, options for managing recurrent dislocation in the United States included modular component exchange, component revision for malposition, and use of constrained components.10
In 1974, Bousquet first reported use of the DM prosthesis in primary THA; the prosthesis allowed increased stability without sacrificing motion or fixation.1 However, longer-term studies of DM components disclosed a new complication, IPD. In 2004, Lecuire and colleagues4 reported 7 cases of IPD occurring a mean of 10 years after implantation of the Bousquet prosthesis.
AIPD, which occurs within 1 year after implantation, has been reported much less often than late IPD. Stigbrand and Ullmark6 reported 3 cases of AIPD that developed within 7 months after implantation of Amplitude and Advantage (Zimmer Biomet) DM prostheses.
This unusual complication apparently is not confined to a specific implant or region. Since the MDM component was introduced in the United States, 2 more cases of AIPD have been identified (Table). Banzhof and colleagues7 reported the case of a 68-year-old woman who, 2 months after the MDM was placed for recurrent instability, dislocated the component while rising from a seated position. Her IPD most likely resulted from a closed reduction. The affected hip eventually required closed reduction in the operating room. Postreduction radiographs showed the characteristic eccentric appearance; a halo, also visible in the soft tissues, corresponded with the dissociated radiolucent polyethylene liner. The authors attributed the early failure to an eccentrically seated metal liner that separated the locking mechanism. The MDM component was revised to a conventional THA, with the femoral head upsized and length added.
Ward and colleagues8 reported the case of an 87-year-old woman who had a conventional THA revised to an MDM component for recurrent instability. Two months after surgery, this patient, who had dementia, experienced 2 posterior dislocations while rising from a chair. Closed reduction in the emergency department seemed successful, but later she presented to the surgeon’s office with symptoms of instability and clunking, complaints similar to our patient’s. Radiographs showed an eccentric reduction caused by IPD, and the MDM component was revised to a constrained liner. Adding a MDM component to a retained DePuy (DePuy Synthes) femoral stem and head is considered “off-label use,” which, the authors proposed, may have been related to the AIPD in their patient’s case. However, one manufacturer’s femoral component and head are often mated with another manufacturer’s acetabular component to allow for a less complex revision. Our recommendation for surgeons is that, before proceeding with this treatment option, they investigate each component’s exact dimensions to ensure there are no subtle size differences that could cause problems. For example, a 28-mm head diameter that is actually 28.2 mm may affect mating properties, with the inner polyethylene articulation causing AIPD to develop.
Other cases of earlier IPD have been described, but they do not fit the APID definition given in this article. Riviere and colleagues14 reported the case of a 42-year-old man who, because of a previous adverse reaction to metal debris, underwent revision to a DM polyethylene ball in a retained BHR (Birmingham Hip Resurfacing) acetabular shell (Birmingham Hip, Smith & Nephew). Unfortunately, IPD occurred 14 months after surgery. Banka and colleagues15 reported the case of a 70-year-old woman who underwent revision to a DM cup for recurrent instability, but they did not specify the length of time between implantation and IPD and did not offer an explanation for the complication. Finally, Odland and Sierra16 reported the case of a 77-year-old man, with previous intertrochanteric and pelvic fractures, who underwent revision to a DM cup with retention of a Waldemar femoral component (Waldemar Link). He spontaneously developed IPD with ambulation 2 years after surgery.
Certainly, our patient’s presentation course is similar to other patients’. Within 3 months after revision to the MDM component, his left hip dislocated 3 times in 1 week. We contend his AIPD resulted from closed reduction, with the polyethylene dislodged from the femoral head with contact on the acetabulum. A larger or skirted neck may increase impingement during normal activity and thereby widen the polyethylene opening excessively and/or reduce the polyethylene ball ROM to impinge during the relocation maneuver. In this case, dissociation was noted only after the third dislocation. Pathognomonic eccentric positioning of the head in the acetabulum and, less commonly, the halo sign were evident on postreduction radiographs. Optimal treatment for AIPD of a DM component is controversial. Choices are limited to a constrained liner or, if possible, repeat DM with larger components. For recurrent dislocation, our patient underwent revision to an MDM component, but a femoral head with a skirted neck was used in an attempt to increase soft-tissue tension. During the second revision, minor eccentric wear of the inner articulation of the polyethylene component (consistent with impingement) was noted, and wear was visible on inspection of the outer articulation. We think his AIPD resulted from femoral neck impingement of the skirted head against the polyethylene ball.
AIPD is a discrete entity, with sudden failure of a DM component within 1 year after implantation. AIPD is characterized by dissociation of the femoral head from the inner articulation, resulting from impingement or closed reduction. More studies are needed to determine which patients with DM components are at highest risk and which treatment is most appropriate. We recommend taking extra care when reducing hips with this articulation and adopting a low threshold for general anesthesia use in the presence of paralysis.
Am J Orthop. 2017;46(3):E154-E159. Copyright Frontline Medical Communications Inc. 2017. All rights reserved.
1. Farizon F, de Lavison R, Azoulai JJ, Bousquet G. Results with a cementless alumina-coated cup with dual mobility. A twelve-year follow-up study. Int Orthop. 1998;22(4):219-224.
2. Lachiewicz PF, Watters TS. The use of dual-mobility components in total hip arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012;20(8):481-486.
3. De Martino I, Triantafyllopoulos GK, Sculco PK, Sculco TP. Dual mobility cups in total hip arthroplasty. World J Orthop. 2014;5(3):180-187.
4. Lecuire F, Benareau I, Rubini J, Basso M. Intra-prosthetic dislocation of the Bousquet dual mobility socket [in French]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 2004;90(3):249-255.
5. Philippot R, Boyer B, Farizon F. Intraprosthetic dislocation: a specific complication of the dual-mobility system. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471(3):965-970.
6. Stigbrand H, Ullmark G. Component dissociation after closed reduction of dual mobility sockets—a report of three cases. Hip Int. 2011;21(2):263-266.
7. Banzhof JA, Robbins CE, Ven AV, Talmo CT, Bono JV. Femoral head dislodgement complicating use of a dual mobility prosthesis for recurrent instability. J Arthroplasty. 2013;28(3):543.e1-e3.
8. Ward JP, McCardel BR, Hallstrom BR. Complete dissociation of the polyethylene component in a newly available dual-mobility bearing used in total hip arthroplasty: a case report. JBJS Case Connect. 2013;3(3):e94.
9. Bozic KJ, Kurtz SM, Lau E, Ong K, Vail TP, Berry DJ. The epidemiology of revision total hip arthroplasty in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(1):128-133.
10. Parvizi J, Picinic E, Sharkey PF. Revision total hip arthroplasty for instability: surgical techniques and principles. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(5):1134-1142.
11. Guyen O, Lewallen DG, Cabanela ME. Modes of failure of Osteonics constrained tripolar implants: a retrospective analysis of forty-three failed implants. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(7):1553-1560.
12. Lachiewicz PF, Kelley SS. The use of constrained components in total hip arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2002;10(4):233-238.
13. Williams JT Jr, Ragland PS, Clarke S. Constrained components for the unstable hip following total hip arthroplasty: a literature review. Int Orthop. 2007;31(3):273-277.
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16. Odland AN, Sierra RJ. Intraprosthetic dislocation of a contemporary dual-mobility design used during conversion THA. Orthopedics. 2014;37(12):e1124-e1128.
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11. Guyen O, Lewallen DG, Cabanela ME. Modes of failure of Osteonics constrained tripolar implants: a retrospective analysis of forty-three failed implants. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(7):1553-1560.
12. Lachiewicz PF, Kelley SS. The use of constrained components in total hip arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2002;10(4):233-238.
13. Williams JT Jr, Ragland PS, Clarke S. Constrained components for the unstable hip following total hip arthroplasty: a literature review. Int Orthop. 2007;31(3):273-277.
14. Riviere C, Lavigne M, Alghamdi A, Vendittoli PA. Early failure of metal-on-metal large-diameter head total hip arthroplasty revised with a dual-mobility bearing: a case report. JBJS Case Connect. 2013;3(3):e95.
15. Banka TR, Ast MP, Parks ML. Early intraprosthetic dislocation in a revision dual-mobility hip prosthesis. Orthopedics. 2014;37(4):e395-e397.
16. Odland AN, Sierra RJ. Intraprosthetic dislocation of a contemporary dual-mobility design used during conversion THA. Orthopedics. 2014;37(12):e1124-e1128.
