Jen Smith

Keren Osman, MD

SALT LAKE CITY—A novel transplant regimen is “safe and feasible” for patients with multiple myeloma (MM), according to a presentation at the 2018 BMT Tandem Meetings.

Researchers conducted a phase 1 trial investigating the addition of elotuzumab and autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) reconstitution to standard autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT) and lenalidomide maintenance in MM patients.

The regimen was considered well tolerated, as most adverse events (AEs) were grade 1 or 2.

The complete response (CR) rate was 40% at both 90 days and 1 year after ASCT.

Keren Osman, MD, of Mount Sinai Health System in New York, New York, reported these results as abstract 26.* This is an investigator-sponsored study, conducted in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, the company marketing elotuzumab.

Dr Osman noted that elotuzumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7. The drug directly activates natural killer (NK) cells through the SLAMF7 pathway and Fc receptors. Elotuzumab also targets SLAMF7 on MM cells and facilitates interaction with NK cells to mediate the killing of MM cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

“The hypothesis behind this phase 1 study was that . . ., in the peri-transplant period, if we add elotuzumab, we will succeed in promoting NK-mediated elimination of residual multiple myeloma cells as well as promote transition from innate to adaptive immune responses against multiple myeloma-associated antigens,” Dr Osman said.

She and her colleagues tested this hypothesis in 15 MM patients. They had a median age of 59 (range, 49-70), and 60% of them were male.

Forty percent of patients had stage I disease, 27% had stage II, and 20% had stage III. All patients had an ECOG status of 0 (47%) or 1 (53%).

The patients had a median of 174 days since diagnosis (range, 98-393).

All patients had received 1 to 2 prior lines of therapy. They all had bortezomib as part of their induction therapy, and 67% of them had received lenalidomide.

Seventy-three percent of patients had any cytogenetic abnormality, and 47% had high-risk cytogenetics.

Treatment

Patients underwent leukopheresis for PBMC collection, followed by standard peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and harvest.

They received standard melphalan conditioning on day -1 and autologous stem cell rescue on day 0. Autologous PBMCs were reinfused on day 3 after stem cell infusion.

Elotuzumab was given at 20 mg/kg intravenously on day 4. The drug was given every 28 days up to cycle 12.

Lenalidomide maintenance was given at 10 mg orally on days 1 to 21 of every 28-day cycle, starting with cycle 4 of elotuzumab (90 days post-ASCT). Maintenance could continue beyond cycle 12 at the investigators’ discretion.

Thirteen patients completed a year of treatment. One patient withdrew from the study due to early progression. The other patient withdrew due to personal choice and had a very good partial response (VGPR) at withdrawal.

Safety

“The majority of the adverse events, including infusion reactions attributable to elotuzumab, were grade 2 or lower,” Dr Osman noted. “And there were no AEs related to PBMC administration.”

One patient had a delay in hematopoietic reconstitution, which resulted in hospitalization exceeding 21 days.

One patient had grade 3 hypertension, which was attributed to elotuzumab and resolved with supportive care.

Eight patients had grade 3 lymphopenia, which was associated with elotuzumab, during the maintenance phase. Patients received prophylactic antibiotics, and there were no opportunistic infections.

Efficacy

At screening (after induction but before ASCT), 13 patients (87%) had a VGPR, and 2 (13%) had a partial response (PR).

At 90 days post-ASCT, 2 patients (13%) had a stringent CR, and 4 (27%) had a CR. Six patients (40%) had a VGPR, and 2 (13%) had a PR. One patient (7%) had progressed.

“In this very high-risk PR/VGPR population, stem cell transplant with elotuzumab and PBMC infusion resulted in a CR rate of 40%—with 13% of patients achieving stringent CR—by day 90,” Dr Osman noted. “And maintenance elotuzumab plus lenalidomide promoted further conversion to 33% stringent CR by 1 year.”

At 1 year, 5 patients (33%) had a stringent CR, and 1 (7%) had a CR. Six patients (40%) had a VGPR, and 1 (7%) had a PR. Two patients (13%) had progressed.

So the 1-year progression-free survival rate was 86% (13/15).

“In conclusion, we see that elotuzumab and PBMC administration with standard autologous stem cell transplant and lenalidomide maintenance for consolidation therapy in multiple myeloma is certainly both safe and feasible,” Dr Osman said. “We’re planning a phase 2 study.”

*Information in the abstract differs from the presentation.

Keren Osman, MD

SALT LAKE CITY—A novel transplant regimen is “safe and feasible” for patients with multiple myeloma (MM), according to a presentation at the 2018 BMT Tandem Meetings.

Researchers conducted a phase 1 trial investigating the addition of elotuzumab and autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) reconstitution to standard autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT) and lenalidomide maintenance in MM patients.

The regimen was considered well tolerated, as most adverse events (AEs) were grade 1 or 2.

The complete response (CR) rate was 40% at both 90 days and 1 year after ASCT.

Keren Osman, MD, of Mount Sinai Health System in New York, New York, reported these results as abstract 26.* This is an investigator-sponsored study, conducted in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, the company marketing elotuzumab.

Dr Osman noted that elotuzumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7. The drug directly activates natural killer (NK) cells through the SLAMF7 pathway and Fc receptors. Elotuzumab also targets SLAMF7 on MM cells and facilitates interaction with NK cells to mediate the killing of MM cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

“The hypothesis behind this phase 1 study was that . . ., in the peri-transplant period, if we add elotuzumab, we will succeed in promoting NK-mediated elimination of residual multiple myeloma cells as well as promote transition from innate to adaptive immune responses against multiple myeloma-associated antigens,” Dr Osman said.

She and her colleagues tested this hypothesis in 15 MM patients. They had a median age of 59 (range, 49-70), and 60% of them were male.

Forty percent of patients had stage I disease, 27% had stage II, and 20% had stage III. All patients had an ECOG status of 0 (47%) or 1 (53%).

The patients had a median of 174 days since diagnosis (range, 98-393).

All patients had received 1 to 2 prior lines of therapy. They all had bortezomib as part of their induction therapy, and 67% of them had received lenalidomide.

Seventy-three percent of patients had any cytogenetic abnormality, and 47% had high-risk cytogenetics.

Treatment

Patients underwent leukopheresis for PBMC collection, followed by standard peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and harvest.

They received standard melphalan conditioning on day -1 and autologous stem cell rescue on day 0. Autologous PBMCs were reinfused on day 3 after stem cell infusion.

Elotuzumab was given at 20 mg/kg intravenously on day 4. The drug was given every 28 days up to cycle 12.

Lenalidomide maintenance was given at 10 mg orally on days 1 to 21 of every 28-day cycle, starting with cycle 4 of elotuzumab (90 days post-ASCT). Maintenance could continue beyond cycle 12 at the investigators’ discretion.

Thirteen patients completed a year of treatment. One patient withdrew from the study due to early progression. The other patient withdrew due to personal choice and had a very good partial response (VGPR) at withdrawal.

Safety

“The majority of the adverse events, including infusion reactions attributable to elotuzumab, were grade 2 or lower,” Dr Osman noted. “And there were no AEs related to PBMC administration.”

One patient had a delay in hematopoietic reconstitution, which resulted in hospitalization exceeding 21 days.

One patient had grade 3 hypertension, which was attributed to elotuzumab and resolved with supportive care.

Eight patients had grade 3 lymphopenia, which was associated with elotuzumab, during the maintenance phase. Patients received prophylactic antibiotics, and there were no opportunistic infections.

Efficacy

At screening (after induction but before ASCT), 13 patients (87%) had a VGPR, and 2 (13%) had a partial response (PR).

At 90 days post-ASCT, 2 patients (13%) had a stringent CR, and 4 (27%) had a CR. Six patients (40%) had a VGPR, and 2 (13%) had a PR. One patient (7%) had progressed.

“In this very high-risk PR/VGPR population, stem cell transplant with elotuzumab and PBMC infusion resulted in a CR rate of 40%—with 13% of patients achieving stringent CR—by day 90,” Dr Osman noted. “And maintenance elotuzumab plus lenalidomide promoted further conversion to 33% stringent CR by 1 year.”

At 1 year, 5 patients (33%) had a stringent CR, and 1 (7%) had a CR. Six patients (40%) had a VGPR, and 1 (7%) had a PR. Two patients (13%) had progressed.

So the 1-year progression-free survival rate was 86% (13/15).

“In conclusion, we see that elotuzumab and PBMC administration with standard autologous stem cell transplant and lenalidomide maintenance for consolidation therapy in multiple myeloma is certainly both safe and feasible,” Dr Osman said. “We’re planning a phase 2 study.”

*Information in the abstract differs from the presentation.

Keren Osman, MD

SALT LAKE CITY—A novel transplant regimen is “safe and feasible” for patients with multiple myeloma (MM), according to a presentation at the 2018 BMT Tandem Meetings.

Researchers conducted a phase 1 trial investigating the addition of elotuzumab and autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) reconstitution to standard autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT) and lenalidomide maintenance in MM patients.

The regimen was considered well tolerated, as most adverse events (AEs) were grade 1 or 2.

The complete response (CR) rate was 40% at both 90 days and 1 year after ASCT.

Keren Osman, MD, of Mount Sinai Health System in New York, New York, reported these results as abstract 26.* This is an investigator-sponsored study, conducted in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, the company marketing elotuzumab.

Dr Osman noted that elotuzumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7. The drug directly activates natural killer (NK) cells through the SLAMF7 pathway and Fc receptors. Elotuzumab also targets SLAMF7 on MM cells and facilitates interaction with NK cells to mediate the killing of MM cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

“The hypothesis behind this phase 1 study was that . . ., in the peri-transplant period, if we add elotuzumab, we will succeed in promoting NK-mediated elimination of residual multiple myeloma cells as well as promote transition from innate to adaptive immune responses against multiple myeloma-associated antigens,” Dr Osman said.

She and her colleagues tested this hypothesis in 15 MM patients. They had a median age of 59 (range, 49-70), and 60% of them were male.

Forty percent of patients had stage I disease, 27% had stage II, and 20% had stage III. All patients had an ECOG status of 0 (47%) or 1 (53%).

The patients had a median of 174 days since diagnosis (range, 98-393).

All patients had received 1 to 2 prior lines of therapy. They all had bortezomib as part of their induction therapy, and 67% of them had received lenalidomide.

Seventy-three percent of patients had any cytogenetic abnormality, and 47% had high-risk cytogenetics.

Treatment

Patients underwent leukopheresis for PBMC collection, followed by standard peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and harvest.

They received standard melphalan conditioning on day -1 and autologous stem cell rescue on day 0. Autologous PBMCs were reinfused on day 3 after stem cell infusion.

Elotuzumab was given at 20 mg/kg intravenously on day 4. The drug was given every 28 days up to cycle 12.

Lenalidomide maintenance was given at 10 mg orally on days 1 to 21 of every 28-day cycle, starting with cycle 4 of elotuzumab (90 days post-ASCT). Maintenance could continue beyond cycle 12 at the investigators’ discretion.

Thirteen patients completed a year of treatment. One patient withdrew from the study due to early progression. The other patient withdrew due to personal choice and had a very good partial response (VGPR) at withdrawal.

Safety

“The majority of the adverse events, including infusion reactions attributable to elotuzumab, were grade 2 or lower,” Dr Osman noted. “And there were no AEs related to PBMC administration.”

One patient had a delay in hematopoietic reconstitution, which resulted in hospitalization exceeding 21 days.

One patient had grade 3 hypertension, which was attributed to elotuzumab and resolved with supportive care.

Eight patients had grade 3 lymphopenia, which was associated with elotuzumab, during the maintenance phase. Patients received prophylactic antibiotics, and there were no opportunistic infections.

Efficacy

At screening (after induction but before ASCT), 13 patients (87%) had a VGPR, and 2 (13%) had a partial response (PR).

At 90 days post-ASCT, 2 patients (13%) had a stringent CR, and 4 (27%) had a CR. Six patients (40%) had a VGPR, and 2 (13%) had a PR. One patient (7%) had progressed.

“In this very high-risk PR/VGPR population, stem cell transplant with elotuzumab and PBMC infusion resulted in a CR rate of 40%—with 13% of patients achieving stringent CR—by day 90,” Dr Osman noted. “And maintenance elotuzumab plus lenalidomide promoted further conversion to 33% stringent CR by 1 year.”

At 1 year, 5 patients (33%) had a stringent CR, and 1 (7%) had a CR. Six patients (40%) had a VGPR, and 1 (7%) had a PR. Two patients (13%) had progressed.

So the 1-year progression-free survival rate was 86% (13/15).

“In conclusion, we see that elotuzumab and PBMC administration with standard autologous stem cell transplant and lenalidomide maintenance for consolidation therapy in multiple myeloma is certainly both safe and feasible,” Dr Osman said. “We’re planning a phase 2 study.”

*Information in the abstract differs from the presentation.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—An antibody targeting KIR3DL2 has “very promising activity” in relapsed/refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), according to a speaker at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

The antibody, IPH4102, produced an overall response rate (ORR) of 44% in a phase 1 trial of CTCL patients, with an ORR of 50% in patients with Sézary syndrome (SS).

There were 2 serious adverse events (AEs) that were considered possibly related to IPH4102, and 1 of these was fatal.

Youn H. Kim, MD, of Stanford Cancer Institute in Palo Alto, California, presented these results at this year’s T-cell Lymphoma Forum. The research was sponsored by Innate Pharma, the company developing IPH4102.

“KIR3DL2 is a target that’s a member of the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor [KIR] family, and it’s also very specifically expressed in CTCL,” Dr Kim explained. “The antibody [IPH4102] is Fc-modified to enhance the antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and also works by antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis. It binds and, with the immunologic effect, kills the cancer cells.”

“[IPH4102] is specific for cancer cells because [KIR3DL2] is only minimally expressed in normal T cells as well as natural killer [NK] cells. About a third of NK cells that do express [KIR3DL2] don’t get affected [by IPH4102]. So it looks like the killer cells don’t kill each other, and they specifically target the neoplastic cells.”

Patients

Dr Kim and her colleagues have tested IPH4102 in 25 patients with relapsed/refractory CTCL—20 with SS, 4 with mycosis fungoides (MF), and 1 with CD4+ CTCL not otherwise specified. At baseline, patients had a median age of 71 (range, 42-90).

The patients had received a median of 4 prior systemic regimens (range, 2-10). Among the MF and SS patients, 1 patient had stage IB disease, 3 had stage IIB, and 20 had stage IVA disease.

Treatment

This study has a dose-escalation portion (accelerated 3+3 design) and an expansion portion. Dr Kim presented results for the 25 patients in the dose-escalation portion, which was completed in May 2017.

Patients received IPH4102 at 10 dose levels, ranging from 0.0001 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg. They received the drug once weekly for 4 doses, every 2 weeks for 10 doses, and every 4 weeks thereafter. They were treated until progression or unacceptable toxicity.

The expansion cohorts (which include SS and transformed MF patients) started enrolling in July 2017, with patients receiving IPH4102 at the recommended phase 2 dose—750 mg.

Safety

There were no dose-limiting toxicities with IPH4102. So the equivalent of 10 mg/kg—a 750 mg flat dose—was deemed the recommended phase 2 (and expansion) dose.

The incidence of AEs was 92% (n=23), and the incidence of treatment-related AEs was 52% (n=13).

Treatment-related AEs included lymphopenia (16%, n=4), asthenia (12%, n=3), nausea (8%, n=2), chills (8%, n=2), pyrexia (8%, n=2), arthralgia (8%, n=2), and muscle spasms (8%, n=2).

Eight patients had serious AEs, and 2 had serious AEs that were considered possibly related to treatment.

One patient had grade 2 atrial flutter diagnosed 1 hour after the first dose of IPH4102. The patient had a history of cardiac arrhythmia. She was hospitalized after the atrial flutter, received amiodarone, and the arrhythmia resolved. She went on to receive 15 more doses of IPH4102 without recurrence.

The other patient with a serious AE considered possibly related to treatment had hepatitis that occurred 6 weeks after the last dose of IPH4102. The patient had discontinued treatment due to progression after receiving IPH4102 for a year and achieving a partial response (PR).

This patient ultimately died of the hepatitis. Another fatal AE, considered unrelated to treatment, was Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.

“The safety looks very solid,” Dr Kim said, “[with] very low numbers of any significant severe adverse effects.”

Efficacy

The best global ORR was 44%, with 10 PRs and 1 complete response (CR). Twelve patients had stable disease, and 2 progressed.

In patients with SS, the best global ORR was 50%. One patient had a CR, 9 had PRs, and 8 had stable disease. The ORR was 60% in the skin and a 65% in the blood compartment for patients with SS.

Four responses were ongoing at last follow-up. The median follow-up was 15 months.

The median duration of response for the entire cohort was 8.2 months (range, 64 days to 519+ days). For SS patients, the median duration of response was 9.9 months (range, 64 days to 519+ days).

The median progression-free survival was 9.8 months overall (range, 28 days to 610+ days). For SS patients, the median progression-free survival was 10.8 months (range, 28 days to 610+ days).

“So with the efficacy and the safety profile, we are really hoping to get this drug to the phase 2 level and are excited to move forward,” Dr Kim concluded.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—An antibody targeting KIR3DL2 has “very promising activity” in relapsed/refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), according to a speaker at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

The antibody, IPH4102, produced an overall response rate (ORR) of 44% in a phase 1 trial of CTCL patients, with an ORR of 50% in patients with Sézary syndrome (SS).

There were 2 serious adverse events (AEs) that were considered possibly related to IPH4102, and 1 of these was fatal.

Youn H. Kim, MD, of Stanford Cancer Institute in Palo Alto, California, presented these results at this year’s T-cell Lymphoma Forum. The research was sponsored by Innate Pharma, the company developing IPH4102.

“KIR3DL2 is a target that’s a member of the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor [KIR] family, and it’s also very specifically expressed in CTCL,” Dr Kim explained. “The antibody [IPH4102] is Fc-modified to enhance the antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and also works by antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis. It binds and, with the immunologic effect, kills the cancer cells.”

“[IPH4102] is specific for cancer cells because [KIR3DL2] is only minimally expressed in normal T cells as well as natural killer [NK] cells. About a third of NK cells that do express [KIR3DL2] don’t get affected [by IPH4102]. So it looks like the killer cells don’t kill each other, and they specifically target the neoplastic cells.”

Patients

Dr Kim and her colleagues have tested IPH4102 in 25 patients with relapsed/refractory CTCL—20 with SS, 4 with mycosis fungoides (MF), and 1 with CD4+ CTCL not otherwise specified. At baseline, patients had a median age of 71 (range, 42-90).

The patients had received a median of 4 prior systemic regimens (range, 2-10). Among the MF and SS patients, 1 patient had stage IB disease, 3 had stage IIB, and 20 had stage IVA disease.

Treatment

This study has a dose-escalation portion (accelerated 3+3 design) and an expansion portion. Dr Kim presented results for the 25 patients in the dose-escalation portion, which was completed in May 2017.

Patients received IPH4102 at 10 dose levels, ranging from 0.0001 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg. They received the drug once weekly for 4 doses, every 2 weeks for 10 doses, and every 4 weeks thereafter. They were treated until progression or unacceptable toxicity.

The expansion cohorts (which include SS and transformed MF patients) started enrolling in July 2017, with patients receiving IPH4102 at the recommended phase 2 dose—750 mg.

Safety

There were no dose-limiting toxicities with IPH4102. So the equivalent of 10 mg/kg—a 750 mg flat dose—was deemed the recommended phase 2 (and expansion) dose.

The incidence of AEs was 92% (n=23), and the incidence of treatment-related AEs was 52% (n=13).

Treatment-related AEs included lymphopenia (16%, n=4), asthenia (12%, n=3), nausea (8%, n=2), chills (8%, n=2), pyrexia (8%, n=2), arthralgia (8%, n=2), and muscle spasms (8%, n=2).

Eight patients had serious AEs, and 2 had serious AEs that were considered possibly related to treatment.

One patient had grade 2 atrial flutter diagnosed 1 hour after the first dose of IPH4102. The patient had a history of cardiac arrhythmia. She was hospitalized after the atrial flutter, received amiodarone, and the arrhythmia resolved. She went on to receive 15 more doses of IPH4102 without recurrence.

The other patient with a serious AE considered possibly related to treatment had hepatitis that occurred 6 weeks after the last dose of IPH4102. The patient had discontinued treatment due to progression after receiving IPH4102 for a year and achieving a partial response (PR).

This patient ultimately died of the hepatitis. Another fatal AE, considered unrelated to treatment, was Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.

“The safety looks very solid,” Dr Kim said, “[with] very low numbers of any significant severe adverse effects.”

Efficacy

The best global ORR was 44%, with 10 PRs and 1 complete response (CR). Twelve patients had stable disease, and 2 progressed.

In patients with SS, the best global ORR was 50%. One patient had a CR, 9 had PRs, and 8 had stable disease. The ORR was 60% in the skin and a 65% in the blood compartment for patients with SS.

Four responses were ongoing at last follow-up. The median follow-up was 15 months.

The median duration of response for the entire cohort was 8.2 months (range, 64 days to 519+ days). For SS patients, the median duration of response was 9.9 months (range, 64 days to 519+ days).

The median progression-free survival was 9.8 months overall (range, 28 days to 610+ days). For SS patients, the median progression-free survival was 10.8 months (range, 28 days to 610+ days).

“So with the efficacy and the safety profile, we are really hoping to get this drug to the phase 2 level and are excited to move forward,” Dr Kim concluded.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—An antibody targeting KIR3DL2 has “very promising activity” in relapsed/refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), according to a speaker at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

The antibody, IPH4102, produced an overall response rate (ORR) of 44% in a phase 1 trial of CTCL patients, with an ORR of 50% in patients with Sézary syndrome (SS).

There were 2 serious adverse events (AEs) that were considered possibly related to IPH4102, and 1 of these was fatal.

Youn H. Kim, MD, of Stanford Cancer Institute in Palo Alto, California, presented these results at this year’s T-cell Lymphoma Forum. The research was sponsored by Innate Pharma, the company developing IPH4102.

“KIR3DL2 is a target that’s a member of the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor [KIR] family, and it’s also very specifically expressed in CTCL,” Dr Kim explained. “The antibody [IPH4102] is Fc-modified to enhance the antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and also works by antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis. It binds and, with the immunologic effect, kills the cancer cells.”

“[IPH4102] is specific for cancer cells because [KIR3DL2] is only minimally expressed in normal T cells as well as natural killer [NK] cells. About a third of NK cells that do express [KIR3DL2] don’t get affected [by IPH4102]. So it looks like the killer cells don’t kill each other, and they specifically target the neoplastic cells.”

Patients

Dr Kim and her colleagues have tested IPH4102 in 25 patients with relapsed/refractory CTCL—20 with SS, 4 with mycosis fungoides (MF), and 1 with CD4+ CTCL not otherwise specified. At baseline, patients had a median age of 71 (range, 42-90).

The patients had received a median of 4 prior systemic regimens (range, 2-10). Among the MF and SS patients, 1 patient had stage IB disease, 3 had stage IIB, and 20 had stage IVA disease.

Treatment

This study has a dose-escalation portion (accelerated 3+3 design) and an expansion portion. Dr Kim presented results for the 25 patients in the dose-escalation portion, which was completed in May 2017.

Patients received IPH4102 at 10 dose levels, ranging from 0.0001 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg. They received the drug once weekly for 4 doses, every 2 weeks for 10 doses, and every 4 weeks thereafter. They were treated until progression or unacceptable toxicity.

The expansion cohorts (which include SS and transformed MF patients) started enrolling in July 2017, with patients receiving IPH4102 at the recommended phase 2 dose—750 mg.

Safety

There were no dose-limiting toxicities with IPH4102. So the equivalent of 10 mg/kg—a 750 mg flat dose—was deemed the recommended phase 2 (and expansion) dose.

The incidence of AEs was 92% (n=23), and the incidence of treatment-related AEs was 52% (n=13).

Treatment-related AEs included lymphopenia (16%, n=4), asthenia (12%, n=3), nausea (8%, n=2), chills (8%, n=2), pyrexia (8%, n=2), arthralgia (8%, n=2), and muscle spasms (8%, n=2).

Eight patients had serious AEs, and 2 had serious AEs that were considered possibly related to treatment.

One patient had grade 2 atrial flutter diagnosed 1 hour after the first dose of IPH4102. The patient had a history of cardiac arrhythmia. She was hospitalized after the atrial flutter, received amiodarone, and the arrhythmia resolved. She went on to receive 15 more doses of IPH4102 without recurrence.

The other patient with a serious AE considered possibly related to treatment had hepatitis that occurred 6 weeks after the last dose of IPH4102. The patient had discontinued treatment due to progression after receiving IPH4102 for a year and achieving a partial response (PR).

This patient ultimately died of the hepatitis. Another fatal AE, considered unrelated to treatment, was Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.

“The safety looks very solid,” Dr Kim said, “[with] very low numbers of any significant severe adverse effects.”

Efficacy

The best global ORR was 44%, with 10 PRs and 1 complete response (CR). Twelve patients had stable disease, and 2 progressed.

In patients with SS, the best global ORR was 50%. One patient had a CR, 9 had PRs, and 8 had stable disease. The ORR was 60% in the skin and a 65% in the blood compartment for patients with SS.

Four responses were ongoing at last follow-up. The median follow-up was 15 months.

The median duration of response for the entire cohort was 8.2 months (range, 64 days to 519+ days). For SS patients, the median duration of response was 9.9 months (range, 64 days to 519+ days).

The median progression-free survival was 9.8 months overall (range, 28 days to 610+ days). For SS patients, the median progression-free survival was 10.8 months (range, 28 days to 610+ days).

“So with the efficacy and the safety profile, we are really hoping to get this drug to the phase 2 level and are excited to move forward,” Dr Kim concluded.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—The dual PI3K δ/γ inhibitor tenalisib has demonstrated activity in a phase 1 trial of patients with relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphomas.

Tenalisib produced “encouraging” response rates of 44% in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and 50% in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), according to study investigator Bradley M. Haverkos, MD, of the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Aurora.

Dr Haverkos also said tenalisib had an acceptable safety profile.

The most common treatment-related adverse event (AE) in both patient groups was transaminitis.

Dr Haverkos and his colleagues presented these results in a pair of posters and an oral presentation at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

The trial was sponsored by Rhizen Pharmaceuticals, the company developing tenalisib (formerly RP6530).

The researchers have enrolled 55 patients in this trial—28 with CTCL and 27 with PTCL.

The study has a standard 3+3 design, starting with a 200 mg daily fasting dose of tenalisib and escalating to an 800 mg daily fasting dose, followed by an 800 mg daily fed cohort.

There were 3 dose-limiting toxicities in the 800 mg fed cohort—transaminitis, rash, and neutropenia. Therefore, the 800 mg fasting dose was considered the maximum-tolerated dose.

Patients in the PTCL and CTCL expansion cohorts received the maximum-tolerated dose.

Patients were scheduled to receive 8 cycles (28 days each) of tenalisib, but treatment could be extended to 24 months.

The data cutoff was January 10, 2018.

Efficacy in PTCL

Most PTCL patients (n=24) had PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS), 2 had angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), and 1 had subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL).

The patients’ median age at baseline was 63 (range, 40-89), and 63% are male. Sixty-three percent of patients had relapsed disease at baseline, 37% were refractory, and 93% had stage 3 or 4 disease. Patients had received a median of 3 prior therapies (range, 1-7).

The median duration of treatment with tenalisib was 1.9 months.

Fourteen patients were evaluable for efficacy. Eleven patients had progressed prior to the first protocol-defined assessment, and 2 patients had not reached their first efficacy assessment at the data cutoff.

Seven of the 14 evaluable patients responded (50%). Three patients (21%) had a complete response (CR), 4 (29%) had a partial response (PR), 3 (21%) had stable disease, and 4 (29%) progressed.

“There were several patients with lengthy responses,” Dr Haverkos noted. “One patient had an ongoing response at 16 months, another at 11 months, and a number of patients had ongoing responses at 7 months.”

All 3 patients with a CR had PTCL NOS and received the 800 mg fasting dose of tenalisib.

Two patients with a PR had PTCL NOS, 1 had AITL, and 1 had SPTCL. The SPTCL patient received the 200 mg dose.

The AITL patient and 1 of the PTCL NOS patients received the 800 mg fasting dose. The other PTCL NOS patient received the 400 mg dose.

Efficacy in CTCL

Most CTCL patients (n=23) had mycosis fungoides, but 5 had Sézary syndrome. The patients’ median age at baseline was 68 (range, 39-84), and 57% are female.

Forty-three percent of patients had relapsed disease at baseline, 57% were refractory, and 46% had stage 3 or 4 disease. Patients had received a median of 6 prior therapies (range, 2-15).

The median duration of treatment with tenalisib was 3.4 months.

Eighteen patients were evaluable for efficacy. Eight patients had progressed prior to the first protocol-defined assessment, and 2 patients had not yet reached their first efficacy assessment.

Eight of the 18 evaluable patients responded (44%), all with PRs. Seven patients (39%) had stable disease, and 3 (17%) progressed.

Four patients were still in response beyond 8 months of follow-up, and 1 patient was still in PR beyond 11 months.

Five patients with a PR had received the 800 mg fasting dose of tenalisib. Two received the 800 mg fed dose, and 1 patient received the drug at 400 mg.

Overall safety

Treatment-related AEs included transaminitis (25%, 14/55), diarrhea (11%, n=6), fatigue (6%, n=11), headache (9%, n=5), rash (9%, n=5), nausea (5%, n=3), vomiting (5%, n=3), pyrexia (5%, n=3), and dizziness (5%, n=3). Dizziness was only observed in CTCL patients.

Treatment-related grade 3 or higher AEs included transaminitis (20%, n=11), rash (5%, n=3), neutropenia (2%, n=1), hypophosphatemia (2%, n=1), international normalized ratio increase (2%, n=1), sepsis (2%, n=1), pyrexia (2%, n=1), and diplopia secondary to neuropathy (2%, n=1).

Seventy-six percent (n=42) of patients discontinued treatment. Sixty-eight percent (n=29) stopped due to progression, 5% (n=2) stopped at investigators’ discretion, 9% (n=4) withdrew consent, 12% (n=5) had a treatment-related AE, and 5% (n=2) had an unrelated AE.

Seventeen PTCL patients stopped treatment due to progression, as did 12 CTCL patients. One patient in each group stopped treatment at investigators’ discretion, and all 4 patients who withdrew consent had CTCL.

Four CTCL patients stopped treatment due to a related AE—transaminitis, sepsis, diarrhea, and diplopia secondary to neuropathy. One PTCL patient stopped treatment due to a related AE, which was transaminitis.

“Tenalisib at the 800 mg fasting dose has demonstrated acceptable safety and tolerability,” Dr Haverkos concluded. “We’ve observed encouraging response rates thus far, which support further evaluation of tenalisib in these patients.”

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—The dual PI3K δ/γ inhibitor tenalisib has demonstrated activity in a phase 1 trial of patients with relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphomas.

Tenalisib produced “encouraging” response rates of 44% in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and 50% in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), according to study investigator Bradley M. Haverkos, MD, of the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Aurora.

Dr Haverkos also said tenalisib had an acceptable safety profile.

The most common treatment-related adverse event (AE) in both patient groups was transaminitis.

Dr Haverkos and his colleagues presented these results in a pair of posters and an oral presentation at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

The trial was sponsored by Rhizen Pharmaceuticals, the company developing tenalisib (formerly RP6530).

The researchers have enrolled 55 patients in this trial—28 with CTCL and 27 with PTCL.

The study has a standard 3+3 design, starting with a 200 mg daily fasting dose of tenalisib and escalating to an 800 mg daily fasting dose, followed by an 800 mg daily fed cohort.

There were 3 dose-limiting toxicities in the 800 mg fed cohort—transaminitis, rash, and neutropenia. Therefore, the 800 mg fasting dose was considered the maximum-tolerated dose.

Patients in the PTCL and CTCL expansion cohorts received the maximum-tolerated dose.

Patients were scheduled to receive 8 cycles (28 days each) of tenalisib, but treatment could be extended to 24 months.

The data cutoff was January 10, 2018.

Efficacy in PTCL

Most PTCL patients (n=24) had PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS), 2 had angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), and 1 had subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL).

The patients’ median age at baseline was 63 (range, 40-89), and 63% are male. Sixty-three percent of patients had relapsed disease at baseline, 37% were refractory, and 93% had stage 3 or 4 disease. Patients had received a median of 3 prior therapies (range, 1-7).

The median duration of treatment with tenalisib was 1.9 months.

Fourteen patients were evaluable for efficacy. Eleven patients had progressed prior to the first protocol-defined assessment, and 2 patients had not reached their first efficacy assessment at the data cutoff.

Seven of the 14 evaluable patients responded (50%). Three patients (21%) had a complete response (CR), 4 (29%) had a partial response (PR), 3 (21%) had stable disease, and 4 (29%) progressed.

“There were several patients with lengthy responses,” Dr Haverkos noted. “One patient had an ongoing response at 16 months, another at 11 months, and a number of patients had ongoing responses at 7 months.”

All 3 patients with a CR had PTCL NOS and received the 800 mg fasting dose of tenalisib.

Two patients with a PR had PTCL NOS, 1 had AITL, and 1 had SPTCL. The SPTCL patient received the 200 mg dose.

The AITL patient and 1 of the PTCL NOS patients received the 800 mg fasting dose. The other PTCL NOS patient received the 400 mg dose.

Efficacy in CTCL

Most CTCL patients (n=23) had mycosis fungoides, but 5 had Sézary syndrome. The patients’ median age at baseline was 68 (range, 39-84), and 57% are female.

Forty-three percent of patients had relapsed disease at baseline, 57% were refractory, and 46% had stage 3 or 4 disease. Patients had received a median of 6 prior therapies (range, 2-15).

The median duration of treatment with tenalisib was 3.4 months.

Eighteen patients were evaluable for efficacy. Eight patients had progressed prior to the first protocol-defined assessment, and 2 patients had not yet reached their first efficacy assessment.

Eight of the 18 evaluable patients responded (44%), all with PRs. Seven patients (39%) had stable disease, and 3 (17%) progressed.

Four patients were still in response beyond 8 months of follow-up, and 1 patient was still in PR beyond 11 months.

Five patients with a PR had received the 800 mg fasting dose of tenalisib. Two received the 800 mg fed dose, and 1 patient received the drug at 400 mg.

Overall safety

Treatment-related AEs included transaminitis (25%, 14/55), diarrhea (11%, n=6), fatigue (6%, n=11), headache (9%, n=5), rash (9%, n=5), nausea (5%, n=3), vomiting (5%, n=3), pyrexia (5%, n=3), and dizziness (5%, n=3). Dizziness was only observed in CTCL patients.

Treatment-related grade 3 or higher AEs included transaminitis (20%, n=11), rash (5%, n=3), neutropenia (2%, n=1), hypophosphatemia (2%, n=1), international normalized ratio increase (2%, n=1), sepsis (2%, n=1), pyrexia (2%, n=1), and diplopia secondary to neuropathy (2%, n=1).

Seventy-six percent (n=42) of patients discontinued treatment. Sixty-eight percent (n=29) stopped due to progression, 5% (n=2) stopped at investigators’ discretion, 9% (n=4) withdrew consent, 12% (n=5) had a treatment-related AE, and 5% (n=2) had an unrelated AE.

Seventeen PTCL patients stopped treatment due to progression, as did 12 CTCL patients. One patient in each group stopped treatment at investigators’ discretion, and all 4 patients who withdrew consent had CTCL.

Four CTCL patients stopped treatment due to a related AE—transaminitis, sepsis, diarrhea, and diplopia secondary to neuropathy. One PTCL patient stopped treatment due to a related AE, which was transaminitis.

“Tenalisib at the 800 mg fasting dose has demonstrated acceptable safety and tolerability,” Dr Haverkos concluded. “We’ve observed encouraging response rates thus far, which support further evaluation of tenalisib in these patients.”

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—The dual PI3K δ/γ inhibitor tenalisib has demonstrated activity in a phase 1 trial of patients with relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphomas.

Tenalisib produced “encouraging” response rates of 44% in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and 50% in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), according to study investigator Bradley M. Haverkos, MD, of the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Aurora.

Dr Haverkos also said tenalisib had an acceptable safety profile.

The most common treatment-related adverse event (AE) in both patient groups was transaminitis.

Dr Haverkos and his colleagues presented these results in a pair of posters and an oral presentation at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

The trial was sponsored by Rhizen Pharmaceuticals, the company developing tenalisib (formerly RP6530).

The researchers have enrolled 55 patients in this trial—28 with CTCL and 27 with PTCL.

The study has a standard 3+3 design, starting with a 200 mg daily fasting dose of tenalisib and escalating to an 800 mg daily fasting dose, followed by an 800 mg daily fed cohort.

There were 3 dose-limiting toxicities in the 800 mg fed cohort—transaminitis, rash, and neutropenia. Therefore, the 800 mg fasting dose was considered the maximum-tolerated dose.

Patients in the PTCL and CTCL expansion cohorts received the maximum-tolerated dose.

Patients were scheduled to receive 8 cycles (28 days each) of tenalisib, but treatment could be extended to 24 months.

The data cutoff was January 10, 2018.

Efficacy in PTCL

Most PTCL patients (n=24) had PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS), 2 had angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), and 1 had subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL).

The patients’ median age at baseline was 63 (range, 40-89), and 63% are male. Sixty-three percent of patients had relapsed disease at baseline, 37% were refractory, and 93% had stage 3 or 4 disease. Patients had received a median of 3 prior therapies (range, 1-7).

The median duration of treatment with tenalisib was 1.9 months.

Fourteen patients were evaluable for efficacy. Eleven patients had progressed prior to the first protocol-defined assessment, and 2 patients had not reached their first efficacy assessment at the data cutoff.

Seven of the 14 evaluable patients responded (50%). Three patients (21%) had a complete response (CR), 4 (29%) had a partial response (PR), 3 (21%) had stable disease, and 4 (29%) progressed.

“There were several patients with lengthy responses,” Dr Haverkos noted. “One patient had an ongoing response at 16 months, another at 11 months, and a number of patients had ongoing responses at 7 months.”

All 3 patients with a CR had PTCL NOS and received the 800 mg fasting dose of tenalisib.

Two patients with a PR had PTCL NOS, 1 had AITL, and 1 had SPTCL. The SPTCL patient received the 200 mg dose.

The AITL patient and 1 of the PTCL NOS patients received the 800 mg fasting dose. The other PTCL NOS patient received the 400 mg dose.

Efficacy in CTCL

Most CTCL patients (n=23) had mycosis fungoides, but 5 had Sézary syndrome. The patients’ median age at baseline was 68 (range, 39-84), and 57% are female.

Forty-three percent of patients had relapsed disease at baseline, 57% were refractory, and 46% had stage 3 or 4 disease. Patients had received a median of 6 prior therapies (range, 2-15).

The median duration of treatment with tenalisib was 3.4 months.

Eighteen patients were evaluable for efficacy. Eight patients had progressed prior to the first protocol-defined assessment, and 2 patients had not yet reached their first efficacy assessment.

Eight of the 18 evaluable patients responded (44%), all with PRs. Seven patients (39%) had stable disease, and 3 (17%) progressed.

Four patients were still in response beyond 8 months of follow-up, and 1 patient was still in PR beyond 11 months.

Five patients with a PR had received the 800 mg fasting dose of tenalisib. Two received the 800 mg fed dose, and 1 patient received the drug at 400 mg.

Overall safety

Treatment-related AEs included transaminitis (25%, 14/55), diarrhea (11%, n=6), fatigue (6%, n=11), headache (9%, n=5), rash (9%, n=5), nausea (5%, n=3), vomiting (5%, n=3), pyrexia (5%, n=3), and dizziness (5%, n=3). Dizziness was only observed in CTCL patients.

Treatment-related grade 3 or higher AEs included transaminitis (20%, n=11), rash (5%, n=3), neutropenia (2%, n=1), hypophosphatemia (2%, n=1), international normalized ratio increase (2%, n=1), sepsis (2%, n=1), pyrexia (2%, n=1), and diplopia secondary to neuropathy (2%, n=1).

Seventy-six percent (n=42) of patients discontinued treatment. Sixty-eight percent (n=29) stopped due to progression, 5% (n=2) stopped at investigators’ discretion, 9% (n=4) withdrew consent, 12% (n=5) had a treatment-related AE, and 5% (n=2) had an unrelated AE.

Seventeen PTCL patients stopped treatment due to progression, as did 12 CTCL patients. One patient in each group stopped treatment at investigators’ discretion, and all 4 patients who withdrew consent had CTCL.

Four CTCL patients stopped treatment due to a related AE—transaminitis, sepsis, diarrhea, and diplopia secondary to neuropathy. One PTCL patient stopped treatment due to a related AE, which was transaminitis.

“Tenalisib at the 800 mg fasting dose has demonstrated acceptable safety and tolerability,” Dr Haverkos concluded. “We’ve observed encouraging response rates thus far, which support further evaluation of tenalisib in these patients.”

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) cannot replace bone marrow (BM) biopsy in T-cell lymphomas, according to a speaker at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

Researchers found that FDG PET results did not exactly correlate with BM biopsy results relating to tumor involvement in patients with T-cell lymphomas.

However, results from FDG PET were found to be an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Youngil Koh, MD, of Seoul National University Hospital in Seoul, South Korea, presented this research in a poster and oral presentation at this year’s T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

He and his colleagues set out to investigate the clinical value of FDG PET for evaluating BM tumor involvement and prognosis in T-cell lymphoma patients.

The team analyzed 109 patients who underwent staging with FDG PET and BM biopsy. Most patients had extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (NKTCL, n=46), or angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL, n=41).

Patients also had peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (n=12), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (n=4), enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (n=4), and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (n=2).

Most patients (87.2%) received chemotherapy as first-line treatment. Fifty percent were CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) or CHOP-like regimens, 48.1% were IMEP (ifosphamide, methotrexate, etoposide, and prednisolone) or IMEP-like regimens, and 1.9% were “other” regimens.

Other first-line treatments included radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy (10.1%), excision (0.9%), and no treatment (1.8%).

The patients’ median OS was 60.03 months, and the median PFS was 15.7 months.

BM involvement

The researchers analyzed PET BM uptake both visually and quantitatively using the marrow-to-liver ratio (MLR), and they compared these results to BM biopsy results.

According to BM biopsy, 35.8% of patients had tumor involvement.

By visual analysis, the sensitivity of PET for diagnosing positive BM biopsy was 58.5%, and the specificity was 77.9%. By MLR, the sensitivity was 64.1%, and the specificity was 72.9%.

The diagnostic performance of PET for BM involvement was not different across the lymphoma subtypes, Dr Koh said.

Prognosis

“Although FDG PET did not correlate very well with bone marrow biopsy, it had prognostic value, especially MLR,” Dr Koh noted. “And most importantly, in bone marrow biopsy-negative patients, it [MLR] had prognostic value.”

MLR was a significant prognostic factor for PFS (P=0.005) and OS (P<0.001). The same was true for BM biopsy (P=0.009 for PFS and P<0.001 for OS), while visual PET analysis was a significant prognostic factor for OS (P=0.015) but not PFS (P=0.476).

In patients negative by BM biopsy, MLR was a significant prognostic factor for PFS (P=0.001) and OS (P=0.005).

Dr Koh and his colleagues also analyzed the prognostic value of PET and BM biopsy specifically in patients with NKTCL and AITL.

In AITL patients, BM biopsy was a significant prognostic factor for OS (P=0.002) but not PFS (P=0.246). Visual PET analysis was not significant for PFS (P=0.910) or OS (P=0.581), and neither was MLR (P=0.053 for PFS and P=0.156 for OS).

In patients with NKTCL, BM biopsy was a significant prognostic factor for PFS (P=0.008) and OS (P<0.001). Visual PET analysis was not significant for PFS (P=0.469) or OS (P=0.092). And MLR was significant for PFS (P=0.004) and OS (P=0.012).

“Bone marrow findings of FDG PET are an independent prognostic factor in these tumors,” Dr Koh said, “suggesting the biologic relevance of FDG PET findings for aggressiveness or covert bone marrow involvement of tumor cells.”

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) cannot replace bone marrow (BM) biopsy in T-cell lymphomas, according to a speaker at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

Researchers found that FDG PET results did not exactly correlate with BM biopsy results relating to tumor involvement in patients with T-cell lymphomas.

However, results from FDG PET were found to be an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Youngil Koh, MD, of Seoul National University Hospital in Seoul, South Korea, presented this research in a poster and oral presentation at this year’s T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

He and his colleagues set out to investigate the clinical value of FDG PET for evaluating BM tumor involvement and prognosis in T-cell lymphoma patients.

The team analyzed 109 patients who underwent staging with FDG PET and BM biopsy. Most patients had extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (NKTCL, n=46), or angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL, n=41).

Patients also had peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (n=12), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (n=4), enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (n=4), and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (n=2).

Most patients (87.2%) received chemotherapy as first-line treatment. Fifty percent were CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) or CHOP-like regimens, 48.1% were IMEP (ifosphamide, methotrexate, etoposide, and prednisolone) or IMEP-like regimens, and 1.9% were “other” regimens.

Other first-line treatments included radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy (10.1%), excision (0.9%), and no treatment (1.8%).

The patients’ median OS was 60.03 months, and the median PFS was 15.7 months.

BM involvement

The researchers analyzed PET BM uptake both visually and quantitatively using the marrow-to-liver ratio (MLR), and they compared these results to BM biopsy results.

According to BM biopsy, 35.8% of patients had tumor involvement.

By visual analysis, the sensitivity of PET for diagnosing positive BM biopsy was 58.5%, and the specificity was 77.9%. By MLR, the sensitivity was 64.1%, and the specificity was 72.9%.

The diagnostic performance of PET for BM involvement was not different across the lymphoma subtypes, Dr Koh said.

Prognosis

“Although FDG PET did not correlate very well with bone marrow biopsy, it had prognostic value, especially MLR,” Dr Koh noted. “And most importantly, in bone marrow biopsy-negative patients, it [MLR] had prognostic value.”

MLR was a significant prognostic factor for PFS (P=0.005) and OS (P<0.001). The same was true for BM biopsy (P=0.009 for PFS and P<0.001 for OS), while visual PET analysis was a significant prognostic factor for OS (P=0.015) but not PFS (P=0.476).

In patients negative by BM biopsy, MLR was a significant prognostic factor for PFS (P=0.001) and OS (P=0.005).

Dr Koh and his colleagues also analyzed the prognostic value of PET and BM biopsy specifically in patients with NKTCL and AITL.

In AITL patients, BM biopsy was a significant prognostic factor for OS (P=0.002) but not PFS (P=0.246). Visual PET analysis was not significant for PFS (P=0.910) or OS (P=0.581), and neither was MLR (P=0.053 for PFS and P=0.156 for OS).

In patients with NKTCL, BM biopsy was a significant prognostic factor for PFS (P=0.008) and OS (P<0.001). Visual PET analysis was not significant for PFS (P=0.469) or OS (P=0.092). And MLR was significant for PFS (P=0.004) and OS (P=0.012).

“Bone marrow findings of FDG PET are an independent prognostic factor in these tumors,” Dr Koh said, “suggesting the biologic relevance of FDG PET findings for aggressiveness or covert bone marrow involvement of tumor cells.”

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) cannot replace bone marrow (BM) biopsy in T-cell lymphomas, according to a speaker at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

Researchers found that FDG PET results did not exactly correlate with BM biopsy results relating to tumor involvement in patients with T-cell lymphomas.

However, results from FDG PET were found to be an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Youngil Koh, MD, of Seoul National University Hospital in Seoul, South Korea, presented this research in a poster and oral presentation at this year’s T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

He and his colleagues set out to investigate the clinical value of FDG PET for evaluating BM tumor involvement and prognosis in T-cell lymphoma patients.

The team analyzed 109 patients who underwent staging with FDG PET and BM biopsy. Most patients had extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (NKTCL, n=46), or angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL, n=41).

Patients also had peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (n=12), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (n=4), enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (n=4), and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (n=2).

Most patients (87.2%) received chemotherapy as first-line treatment. Fifty percent were CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) or CHOP-like regimens, 48.1% were IMEP (ifosphamide, methotrexate, etoposide, and prednisolone) or IMEP-like regimens, and 1.9% were “other” regimens.

Other first-line treatments included radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy (10.1%), excision (0.9%), and no treatment (1.8%).

The patients’ median OS was 60.03 months, and the median PFS was 15.7 months.

BM involvement

The researchers analyzed PET BM uptake both visually and quantitatively using the marrow-to-liver ratio (MLR), and they compared these results to BM biopsy results.

According to BM biopsy, 35.8% of patients had tumor involvement.

By visual analysis, the sensitivity of PET for diagnosing positive BM biopsy was 58.5%, and the specificity was 77.9%. By MLR, the sensitivity was 64.1%, and the specificity was 72.9%.

The diagnostic performance of PET for BM involvement was not different across the lymphoma subtypes, Dr Koh said.

Prognosis

“Although FDG PET did not correlate very well with bone marrow biopsy, it had prognostic value, especially MLR,” Dr Koh noted. “And most importantly, in bone marrow biopsy-negative patients, it [MLR] had prognostic value.”

MLR was a significant prognostic factor for PFS (P=0.005) and OS (P<0.001). The same was true for BM biopsy (P=0.009 for PFS and P<0.001 for OS), while visual PET analysis was a significant prognostic factor for OS (P=0.015) but not PFS (P=0.476).

In patients negative by BM biopsy, MLR was a significant prognostic factor for PFS (P=0.001) and OS (P=0.005).

Dr Koh and his colleagues also analyzed the prognostic value of PET and BM biopsy specifically in patients with NKTCL and AITL.

In AITL patients, BM biopsy was a significant prognostic factor for OS (P=0.002) but not PFS (P=0.246). Visual PET analysis was not significant for PFS (P=0.910) or OS (P=0.581), and neither was MLR (P=0.053 for PFS and P=0.156 for OS).

In patients with NKTCL, BM biopsy was a significant prognostic factor for PFS (P=0.008) and OS (P<0.001). Visual PET analysis was not significant for PFS (P=0.469) or OS (P=0.092). And MLR was significant for PFS (P=0.004) and OS (P=0.012).

“Bone marrow findings of FDG PET are an independent prognostic factor in these tumors,” Dr Koh said, “suggesting the biologic relevance of FDG PET findings for aggressiveness or covert bone marrow involvement of tumor cells.”

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Results of a phase 1 trial suggest MRG-106 can provide clinical improvement in patients with mycosis fungoides (MF), whether the drug is given alone or in conjunction with other therapies.

MRG-106 is an inhibitor of microRNA-155, which is upregulated in MF.

In this ongoing trial, 90% of patients who received MRG-106 have experienced an improvement in mSWAT score, and 59% of patients who received the drug for at least 1 month had a partial response.

The most common adverse events (AEs) attributed to MRG-106 were neutropenia, injection site pain, and fatigue.

Christiane Querfeld, MD, PhD, of the City of Hope in Duarte, California, presented these results at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum. The research is sponsored by miRagen Therapeutics, Inc., the company developing MRG-106.

The trial has enrolled 36 MF patients, 69% of whom are male. Their median age at enrollment was 63 (range, 21-85).

Patients had received a median of 4 prior systemic therapies (range, 1-13) and a median of 3 prior skin-directed therapies (range, 1-8).

At baseline, patients had a median mSWAT score of 43 (range, 2-180). The modified Severity Weighted Assessment Tool (mSWAT) measures the severity of skin disease over a patient’s body.

Part A

In part A of the study, 6 patients received MRG-106 via intralesional injection. A 75 mg dose of the drug was found to be well-tolerated, producing generally minor injection site reactions.

In addition, intralesional injection of MRG-106 produced improvements in CAILS score. The Composite Assessment of Index Lesion Severity (CAILS) score is obtained by adding the severity score of erythema, scaling, plaque elevation, and surface area for up to 5 index lesions.

Part B

In part B, 30 patients received MRG-106 via subcutaneous (SQ) injection, intravenous (IV) infusion, or IV bolus injection.

Patients who received SQ injection or IV infusion received doses of 300 mg, 600 mg, or 900 mg. Those who received an IV bolus only received the 300 mg dose.

Twenty-nine of the 30 patients in part B were evaluable for efficacy. Twenty-six of these patients—90%—had an improvement in mSWAT score from baseline.

“Twenty-six patients had at least stable disease to partial response,” Dr Querfeld noted. “No complete responses yet, but we’re close.”

Twelve patients were still receiving MRG-106 at last follow-up.

Ten of the 17 patients (59%) who had received MRG-106 for more than 1 month had at least a 50% improvement in mSWAT score, or a partial response. Once this was achieved, responses were durable.

One patient was still in response at roughly 470 days of follow-up.

Concomitant therapies

Dr Querfeld and her colleagues looked at patient outcomes in the context of concomitant therapies as well. They analyzed data from 26 patients who had received at least 6 doses of MRG-106.

Half of these patients were receiving MRG-106 alone, and the other half were receiving concomitant therapies, including bexarotene (n=7), interferon-alfa (n=2), methotrexate (n=1), vorinostat (n=1), and “other” treatments (n=2). Patients had been receiving these therapies for anywhere from 4 months to 45 months.

Outcomes were similar in the monotherapy and combination treatment groups. Seven patients in each group had at least a 50% improvement in mSWAT score.

Dosing and administration

“It appears the infusion is superior to the subcutaneous administration,” Dr Querfeld said.

She noted that durable partial responses have been achieved at all dose levels, but the 300 mg and 600 mg IV infusions had the best efficacy and tolerability profiles.

With the 300 mg IV bolus, fewer patients remained on treatment for more than 1 cycle, as compared to the other dosing cohorts. Dr Querfeld said this may be a result of lower total exposure or tolerability due to higher plasma C_max.

She also noted that patients who received MRG-106 SQ at 600 mg or higher had a higher incidence of injection site reactions.

Safety

AEs of any grade that were attributed to MRG-106 include neutropenia (16%), injection site pain (16%), fatigue (14%), nausea (5%), pruritus (5%), and headache (5%).

Grade 3/4 AEs attributed to MRG-106 were neutropenia (5%) and pruritus (5%).

There were no serious AEs attributed to MRG-106, but there were 2 dose-limiting toxicities. One was a grade 3 tumor flare in a patient receiving the 300 mg IV bolus.

The other dose-limiting toxicity was grade 3 worsening pruritus and possible tumor flare, which occurred twice in 1 patient—with the 900 mg SQ dose and with the 300 mg IV infusion.

The 300 mg IV infusion is the anticipated phase 2 dose.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Results of a phase 1 trial suggest MRG-106 can provide clinical improvement in patients with mycosis fungoides (MF), whether the drug is given alone or in conjunction with other therapies.

MRG-106 is an inhibitor of microRNA-155, which is upregulated in MF.

In this ongoing trial, 90% of patients who received MRG-106 have experienced an improvement in mSWAT score, and 59% of patients who received the drug for at least 1 month had a partial response.

The most common adverse events (AEs) attributed to MRG-106 were neutropenia, injection site pain, and fatigue.

Christiane Querfeld, MD, PhD, of the City of Hope in Duarte, California, presented these results at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum. The research is sponsored by miRagen Therapeutics, Inc., the company developing MRG-106.

The trial has enrolled 36 MF patients, 69% of whom are male. Their median age at enrollment was 63 (range, 21-85).

Patients had received a median of 4 prior systemic therapies (range, 1-13) and a median of 3 prior skin-directed therapies (range, 1-8).

At baseline, patients had a median mSWAT score of 43 (range, 2-180). The modified Severity Weighted Assessment Tool (mSWAT) measures the severity of skin disease over a patient’s body.

Part A

In part A of the study, 6 patients received MRG-106 via intralesional injection. A 75 mg dose of the drug was found to be well-tolerated, producing generally minor injection site reactions.

In addition, intralesional injection of MRG-106 produced improvements in CAILS score. The Composite Assessment of Index Lesion Severity (CAILS) score is obtained by adding the severity score of erythema, scaling, plaque elevation, and surface area for up to 5 index lesions.

Part B

In part B, 30 patients received MRG-106 via subcutaneous (SQ) injection, intravenous (IV) infusion, or IV bolus injection.

Patients who received SQ injection or IV infusion received doses of 300 mg, 600 mg, or 900 mg. Those who received an IV bolus only received the 300 mg dose.

Twenty-nine of the 30 patients in part B were evaluable for efficacy. Twenty-six of these patients—90%—had an improvement in mSWAT score from baseline.

“Twenty-six patients had at least stable disease to partial response,” Dr Querfeld noted. “No complete responses yet, but we’re close.”

Twelve patients were still receiving MRG-106 at last follow-up.

Ten of the 17 patients (59%) who had received MRG-106 for more than 1 month had at least a 50% improvement in mSWAT score, or a partial response. Once this was achieved, responses were durable.

One patient was still in response at roughly 470 days of follow-up.

Concomitant therapies

Dr Querfeld and her colleagues looked at patient outcomes in the context of concomitant therapies as well. They analyzed data from 26 patients who had received at least 6 doses of MRG-106.

Half of these patients were receiving MRG-106 alone, and the other half were receiving concomitant therapies, including bexarotene (n=7), interferon-alfa (n=2), methotrexate (n=1), vorinostat (n=1), and “other” treatments (n=2). Patients had been receiving these therapies for anywhere from 4 months to 45 months.

Outcomes were similar in the monotherapy and combination treatment groups. Seven patients in each group had at least a 50% improvement in mSWAT score.

Dosing and administration

“It appears the infusion is superior to the subcutaneous administration,” Dr Querfeld said.

She noted that durable partial responses have been achieved at all dose levels, but the 300 mg and 600 mg IV infusions had the best efficacy and tolerability profiles.

With the 300 mg IV bolus, fewer patients remained on treatment for more than 1 cycle, as compared to the other dosing cohorts. Dr Querfeld said this may be a result of lower total exposure or tolerability due to higher plasma C_max.

She also noted that patients who received MRG-106 SQ at 600 mg or higher had a higher incidence of injection site reactions.

Safety

AEs of any grade that were attributed to MRG-106 include neutropenia (16%), injection site pain (16%), fatigue (14%), nausea (5%), pruritus (5%), and headache (5%).

Grade 3/4 AEs attributed to MRG-106 were neutropenia (5%) and pruritus (5%).

There were no serious AEs attributed to MRG-106, but there were 2 dose-limiting toxicities. One was a grade 3 tumor flare in a patient receiving the 300 mg IV bolus.

The other dose-limiting toxicity was grade 3 worsening pruritus and possible tumor flare, which occurred twice in 1 patient—with the 900 mg SQ dose and with the 300 mg IV infusion.

The 300 mg IV infusion is the anticipated phase 2 dose.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Results of a phase 1 trial suggest MRG-106 can provide clinical improvement in patients with mycosis fungoides (MF), whether the drug is given alone or in conjunction with other therapies.

MRG-106 is an inhibitor of microRNA-155, which is upregulated in MF.

In this ongoing trial, 90% of patients who received MRG-106 have experienced an improvement in mSWAT score, and 59% of patients who received the drug for at least 1 month had a partial response.

The most common adverse events (AEs) attributed to MRG-106 were neutropenia, injection site pain, and fatigue.

Christiane Querfeld, MD, PhD, of the City of Hope in Duarte, California, presented these results at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum. The research is sponsored by miRagen Therapeutics, Inc., the company developing MRG-106.

The trial has enrolled 36 MF patients, 69% of whom are male. Their median age at enrollment was 63 (range, 21-85).

Patients had received a median of 4 prior systemic therapies (range, 1-13) and a median of 3 prior skin-directed therapies (range, 1-8).

At baseline, patients had a median mSWAT score of 43 (range, 2-180). The modified Severity Weighted Assessment Tool (mSWAT) measures the severity of skin disease over a patient’s body.

Part A

In part A of the study, 6 patients received MRG-106 via intralesional injection. A 75 mg dose of the drug was found to be well-tolerated, producing generally minor injection site reactions.

In addition, intralesional injection of MRG-106 produced improvements in CAILS score. The Composite Assessment of Index Lesion Severity (CAILS) score is obtained by adding the severity score of erythema, scaling, plaque elevation, and surface area for up to 5 index lesions.

Part B

In part B, 30 patients received MRG-106 via subcutaneous (SQ) injection, intravenous (IV) infusion, or IV bolus injection.

Patients who received SQ injection or IV infusion received doses of 300 mg, 600 mg, or 900 mg. Those who received an IV bolus only received the 300 mg dose.

Twenty-nine of the 30 patients in part B were evaluable for efficacy. Twenty-six of these patients—90%—had an improvement in mSWAT score from baseline.

“Twenty-six patients had at least stable disease to partial response,” Dr Querfeld noted. “No complete responses yet, but we’re close.”

Twelve patients were still receiving MRG-106 at last follow-up.

Ten of the 17 patients (59%) who had received MRG-106 for more than 1 month had at least a 50% improvement in mSWAT score, or a partial response. Once this was achieved, responses were durable.

One patient was still in response at roughly 470 days of follow-up.

Concomitant therapies

Dr Querfeld and her colleagues looked at patient outcomes in the context of concomitant therapies as well. They analyzed data from 26 patients who had received at least 6 doses of MRG-106.

Half of these patients were receiving MRG-106 alone, and the other half were receiving concomitant therapies, including bexarotene (n=7), interferon-alfa (n=2), methotrexate (n=1), vorinostat (n=1), and “other” treatments (n=2). Patients had been receiving these therapies for anywhere from 4 months to 45 months.

Outcomes were similar in the monotherapy and combination treatment groups. Seven patients in each group had at least a 50% improvement in mSWAT score.

Dosing and administration

“It appears the infusion is superior to the subcutaneous administration,” Dr Querfeld said.

She noted that durable partial responses have been achieved at all dose levels, but the 300 mg and 600 mg IV infusions had the best efficacy and tolerability profiles.

With the 300 mg IV bolus, fewer patients remained on treatment for more than 1 cycle, as compared to the other dosing cohorts. Dr Querfeld said this may be a result of lower total exposure or tolerability due to higher plasma C_max.

She also noted that patients who received MRG-106 SQ at 600 mg or higher had a higher incidence of injection site reactions.

Safety

AEs of any grade that were attributed to MRG-106 include neutropenia (16%), injection site pain (16%), fatigue (14%), nausea (5%), pruritus (5%), and headache (5%).

Grade 3/4 AEs attributed to MRG-106 were neutropenia (5%) and pruritus (5%).

There were no serious AEs attributed to MRG-106, but there were 2 dose-limiting toxicities. One was a grade 3 tumor flare in a patient receiving the 300 mg IV bolus.

The other dose-limiting toxicity was grade 3 worsening pruritus and possible tumor flare, which occurred twice in 1 patient—with the 900 mg SQ dose and with the 300 mg IV infusion.

The 300 mg IV infusion is the anticipated phase 2 dose.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—The EZH1/2 inhibitor DS-3201b could be a novel therapeutic option for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), according to a speaker at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

DS-3201b was considered well tolerated in a phase 1 study of Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory NHL.

In addition, DS-3201b demonstrated activity against B- and T-cell lymphomas, producing an overall response rate of 59%.

Kunihiro Tsukasaki, MD, PhD, of Saitama Medical University in Moroyama, Saitama, Japan, presented these results at the meeting.

The trial was sponsored by Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.

Dr Tsukasaki presented data on 18 patients with relapsed/refractory NHL.

The 12 B-cell lymphoma patients had follicular lymphoma (n=5), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n=3), MALT lymphoma (n=2), nodal marginal zone lymphoma (n=1), and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (n=1).

The 6 patients with T-cell lymphoma had peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (n=2), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (n=2), and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (n=2).

The patients’ median age was 67 (range, 44-75), and 10 were female. All patients had an ECOG performance status of 0 (72%) or 1 (28%).

Patients had a median of 2 prior chemotherapy regimens (range, 1-8).

For this study, they received DS-3201b at 150 mg (n=7), 200 mg (n=9), or 300 mg (n=2). They received the drug once daily in 28-day cycles until they progressed or experienced unacceptable toxicity.

DLTs and AEs

Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were evaluated in cycle 1. All 18 patients were evaluable for DLT assessment.

There were 4 treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) that met the definition of DLTs:

• 3 cases of grade 4 platelet count decrease (n=1 at 200 mg, n=2 at 300 mg)
• 1 case of grade 3 anemia requiring blood transfusion (at 300 mg).

All 4 DLTs led to treatment interruption.

There were 5 serious AEs reported in 3 patients. Only one of these—pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia—was considered related to DS-3201b.

Hematologic AEs included decreases in platelets (grade 1-4), lymphocytes (grade 1-4), neutrophils (grade 2-4), and white blood cells (grade 2-3), as well as anemia (grade 1-3).

Other AEs (all grade 1/2) included dysgeusia, alopecia, diarrhea, decreased appetite, alanine aminotransferase increase, aspartate aminotransferase increase, nasopharyngitis, rash, and dry skin.

No deaths had been reported as of the data cutoff last November.

Responses

Seventeen patients were evaluable for response.

The overall response rate was 59%, with 1 patient achieving a complete response (CR) and 9 achieving a partial response (PR). Four patients had stable disease (SD), and 3 progressed.

Among the T-cell lymphoma patients, 1 had a CR, 4 had PRs, and 1 progressed. The complete responder had angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and the patient who progressed had adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Among the B-cell lymphoma patients, 5 had PRs, 4 had SD, and 2 progressed.

Dr Tsukasaki said DS-3201b has demonstrated early clinical activity and therefore has the potential to be a novel therapeutic option for B-cell and T-cell lymphomas. However, further evaluation is warranted to determine the optimal dosing regimen and target diseases.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—The EZH1/2 inhibitor DS-3201b could be a novel therapeutic option for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), according to a speaker at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

DS-3201b was considered well tolerated in a phase 1 study of Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory NHL.

In addition, DS-3201b demonstrated activity against B- and T-cell lymphomas, producing an overall response rate of 59%.

Kunihiro Tsukasaki, MD, PhD, of Saitama Medical University in Moroyama, Saitama, Japan, presented these results at the meeting.

The trial was sponsored by Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.

Dr Tsukasaki presented data on 18 patients with relapsed/refractory NHL.

The 12 B-cell lymphoma patients had follicular lymphoma (n=5), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n=3), MALT lymphoma (n=2), nodal marginal zone lymphoma (n=1), and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (n=1).

The 6 patients with T-cell lymphoma had peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (n=2), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (n=2), and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (n=2).

The patients’ median age was 67 (range, 44-75), and 10 were female. All patients had an ECOG performance status of 0 (72%) or 1 (28%).

Patients had a median of 2 prior chemotherapy regimens (range, 1-8).

For this study, they received DS-3201b at 150 mg (n=7), 200 mg (n=9), or 300 mg (n=2). They received the drug once daily in 28-day cycles until they progressed or experienced unacceptable toxicity.

DLTs and AEs

Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were evaluated in cycle 1. All 18 patients were evaluable for DLT assessment.

There were 4 treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) that met the definition of DLTs:

• 3 cases of grade 4 platelet count decrease (n=1 at 200 mg, n=2 at 300 mg)
• 1 case of grade 3 anemia requiring blood transfusion (at 300 mg).

All 4 DLTs led to treatment interruption.

There were 5 serious AEs reported in 3 patients. Only one of these—pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia—was considered related to DS-3201b.

Hematologic AEs included decreases in platelets (grade 1-4), lymphocytes (grade 1-4), neutrophils (grade 2-4), and white blood cells (grade 2-3), as well as anemia (grade 1-3).

Other AEs (all grade 1/2) included dysgeusia, alopecia, diarrhea, decreased appetite, alanine aminotransferase increase, aspartate aminotransferase increase, nasopharyngitis, rash, and dry skin.

No deaths had been reported as of the data cutoff last November.

Responses

Seventeen patients were evaluable for response.

The overall response rate was 59%, with 1 patient achieving a complete response (CR) and 9 achieving a partial response (PR). Four patients had stable disease (SD), and 3 progressed.

Among the T-cell lymphoma patients, 1 had a CR, 4 had PRs, and 1 progressed. The complete responder had angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and the patient who progressed had adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Among the B-cell lymphoma patients, 5 had PRs, 4 had SD, and 2 progressed.

Dr Tsukasaki said DS-3201b has demonstrated early clinical activity and therefore has the potential to be a novel therapeutic option for B-cell and T-cell lymphomas. However, further evaluation is warranted to determine the optimal dosing regimen and target diseases.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—The EZH1/2 inhibitor DS-3201b could be a novel therapeutic option for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), according to a speaker at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

DS-3201b was considered well tolerated in a phase 1 study of Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory NHL.

In addition, DS-3201b demonstrated activity against B- and T-cell lymphomas, producing an overall response rate of 59%.

Kunihiro Tsukasaki, MD, PhD, of Saitama Medical University in Moroyama, Saitama, Japan, presented these results at the meeting.

The trial was sponsored by Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.

Dr Tsukasaki presented data on 18 patients with relapsed/refractory NHL.

The 12 B-cell lymphoma patients had follicular lymphoma (n=5), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n=3), MALT lymphoma (n=2), nodal marginal zone lymphoma (n=1), and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (n=1).

The 6 patients with T-cell lymphoma had peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (n=2), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (n=2), and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (n=2).

The patients’ median age was 67 (range, 44-75), and 10 were female. All patients had an ECOG performance status of 0 (72%) or 1 (28%).

Patients had a median of 2 prior chemotherapy regimens (range, 1-8).

For this study, they received DS-3201b at 150 mg (n=7), 200 mg (n=9), or 300 mg (n=2). They received the drug once daily in 28-day cycles until they progressed or experienced unacceptable toxicity.

DLTs and AEs

Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were evaluated in cycle 1. All 18 patients were evaluable for DLT assessment.

There were 4 treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) that met the definition of DLTs:

• 3 cases of grade 4 platelet count decrease (n=1 at 200 mg, n=2 at 300 mg)
• 1 case of grade 3 anemia requiring blood transfusion (at 300 mg).

All 4 DLTs led to treatment interruption.

There were 5 serious AEs reported in 3 patients. Only one of these—pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia—was considered related to DS-3201b.

Hematologic AEs included decreases in platelets (grade 1-4), lymphocytes (grade 1-4), neutrophils (grade 2-4), and white blood cells (grade 2-3), as well as anemia (grade 1-3).

Other AEs (all grade 1/2) included dysgeusia, alopecia, diarrhea, decreased appetite, alanine aminotransferase increase, aspartate aminotransferase increase, nasopharyngitis, rash, and dry skin.

No deaths had been reported as of the data cutoff last November.

Responses

Seventeen patients were evaluable for response.

The overall response rate was 59%, with 1 patient achieving a complete response (CR) and 9 achieving a partial response (PR). Four patients had stable disease (SD), and 3 progressed.

Among the T-cell lymphoma patients, 1 had a CR, 4 had PRs, and 1 progressed. The complete responder had angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and the patient who progressed had adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Among the B-cell lymphoma patients, 5 had PRs, 4 had SD, and 2 progressed.

Dr Tsukasaki said DS-3201b has demonstrated early clinical activity and therefore has the potential to be a novel therapeutic option for B-cell and T-cell lymphomas. However, further evaluation is warranted to determine the optimal dosing regimen and target diseases.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Results of a phase 2 study suggest chidamide can produce durable responses in patients with relapsed/refractory natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL).

The overall response rate was 57.2% in these patients, and the complete response (CR) rate was 28.6%.

Seven of 14 evaluable patients were still receiving chidamide and still in response at last follow-up. For one patient, this was 50 weeks from initiating treatment with chidamide.

“The response is quite promising and encouraging,” said study investigator Huiqiang Huang, MD, PhD, of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center in Guangzhou, China.

“In terms of safety, the toxicity is mild to moderate.”

Dr Huang presented these results at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

This investigator-sponsored trial enrolled patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but Dr Huang presented results in NKTCL patients only.

There were 15 NKTCL patients, most of whom were male (n=12). Their median age was 41 (range, 17-65). All 15 had an ECOG status of 0 or 1, 9 had stage I/II disease, and 6 had B symptoms.

Nine patients had Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels of at least 1000 copy/mL at baseline, and 5 patients had lactate dehydrogenase levels of at least 245 U/L.

The patients had a median of 2 prior systemic therapies (range, 1-3), and 2 patients had undergone a transplant.

Efficacy

Patients received chidamide at 2 doses—10 mg daily or 30 mg twice a week. Dr Huang said both doses were effective against the lymphoma types studied, but the 30 mg twice-weekly dose appeared to be more effective for patients with NKTCL.

Fourteen NKTCL patients were evaluable for efficacy, and the median follow-up was 17.6 weeks (range, 2.6-50).

The overall response rate was 68.2% (6/14), and the CR rate was 28.6% (4/14). The disease control rate was 71.4%, meaning 10 of 14 patients had a CR, partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD).

Dr Huang noted that response was associated with elevated H3 acetylation level.

The median time to response was 5.25 weeks (range, 1.1-6.6).

As for duration of response, the 4 complete responders were still on treatment and in CR at last follow-up, which was 22.7 weeks, 38.1 weeks, 41.3 weeks, and 50 weeks, respectively, from treatment initiation.

Three of the 4 partial responders were still on treatment and in PR at 14.1 weeks, 26.9 weeks, and 32 weeks, respectively. Two patients with SD were still on treatment and in SD at 15.3 weeks and 15.9 weeks, respectively.

Three patients progressed while on treatment and died. A fourth patient died 2.6 weeks after treatment initiation.

Safety

Dr Huang noted that adverse events (AEs) were similar with the 2 dose groups. However, patients who received 30 mg biweekly had a higher incidence of gastrointestinal AEs.

Overall, the most common AEs were hematologic—anemia, thrombocytopenia, etc.—but dose reductions allowed for quick resolution of these AEs, according to Dr Huang.

AEs included:

• Lymphopenia—10 grade 1/2 and 1 grade 3/4
• Anemia—9 grade 1/2 and 3 grade 3/4
• Thrombocytopenia—7 grade 1/2 and grade 3/4
• Leukopenia—7 grade 1/2 and 6 grade 3/4
• Increased alanine aminotransferase—7 grade 1/2
• Neutropenia—6 grade 1/2 and 7 grade 3/4
• Increased aspartate aminotransferase—5 grade 1/2
• Hypoalbuminemia—4 grade 1/2
• Nausea—4 grade 1/2 and 1 grade 3/4
• Vomiting—3 grade 1/2
• Mucositis—2 grade 1/2
• Fatigue—2 grade 1/2
• Epistaxis—2 grade 1/2
• Abdominal distension—1 grade 1/2
• Loss of appetite—1 grade 1/2
• Diarrhea—1 grade 1/2
• Hyperbilirubinemia—1 grade 1/2
• Fever—1 grade 1/2 and grade 3/4
• Pain—1 grade 1/2
• Cough—1 grade 1/2
• Constipation—1 grade 1/2.

Dr Huang said EBV reactivation was not confirmed in this study. An elevated EBV DNA load was only observed in 2 patients with progressive disease.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Results of a phase 2 study suggest chidamide can produce durable responses in patients with relapsed/refractory natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL).

The overall response rate was 57.2% in these patients, and the complete response (CR) rate was 28.6%.

Seven of 14 evaluable patients were still receiving chidamide and still in response at last follow-up. For one patient, this was 50 weeks from initiating treatment with chidamide.

“The response is quite promising and encouraging,” said study investigator Huiqiang Huang, MD, PhD, of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center in Guangzhou, China.

“In terms of safety, the toxicity is mild to moderate.”

Dr Huang presented these results at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

This investigator-sponsored trial enrolled patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but Dr Huang presented results in NKTCL patients only.

There were 15 NKTCL patients, most of whom were male (n=12). Their median age was 41 (range, 17-65). All 15 had an ECOG status of 0 or 1, 9 had stage I/II disease, and 6 had B symptoms.

Nine patients had Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels of at least 1000 copy/mL at baseline, and 5 patients had lactate dehydrogenase levels of at least 245 U/L.

The patients had a median of 2 prior systemic therapies (range, 1-3), and 2 patients had undergone a transplant.

Efficacy

Patients received chidamide at 2 doses—10 mg daily or 30 mg twice a week. Dr Huang said both doses were effective against the lymphoma types studied, but the 30 mg twice-weekly dose appeared to be more effective for patients with NKTCL.

Fourteen NKTCL patients were evaluable for efficacy, and the median follow-up was 17.6 weeks (range, 2.6-50).

The overall response rate was 68.2% (6/14), and the CR rate was 28.6% (4/14). The disease control rate was 71.4%, meaning 10 of 14 patients had a CR, partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD).

Dr Huang noted that response was associated with elevated H3 acetylation level.

The median time to response was 5.25 weeks (range, 1.1-6.6).

As for duration of response, the 4 complete responders were still on treatment and in CR at last follow-up, which was 22.7 weeks, 38.1 weeks, 41.3 weeks, and 50 weeks, respectively, from treatment initiation.

Three of the 4 partial responders were still on treatment and in PR at 14.1 weeks, 26.9 weeks, and 32 weeks, respectively. Two patients with SD were still on treatment and in SD at 15.3 weeks and 15.9 weeks, respectively.

Three patients progressed while on treatment and died. A fourth patient died 2.6 weeks after treatment initiation.

Safety

Dr Huang noted that adverse events (AEs) were similar with the 2 dose groups. However, patients who received 30 mg biweekly had a higher incidence of gastrointestinal AEs.

Overall, the most common AEs were hematologic—anemia, thrombocytopenia, etc.—but dose reductions allowed for quick resolution of these AEs, according to Dr Huang.

AEs included:

• Lymphopenia—10 grade 1/2 and 1 grade 3/4
• Anemia—9 grade 1/2 and 3 grade 3/4
• Thrombocytopenia—7 grade 1/2 and grade 3/4
• Leukopenia—7 grade 1/2 and 6 grade 3/4
• Increased alanine aminotransferase—7 grade 1/2
• Neutropenia—6 grade 1/2 and 7 grade 3/4
• Increased aspartate aminotransferase—5 grade 1/2
• Hypoalbuminemia—4 grade 1/2
• Nausea—4 grade 1/2 and 1 grade 3/4
• Vomiting—3 grade 1/2
• Mucositis—2 grade 1/2
• Fatigue—2 grade 1/2
• Epistaxis—2 grade 1/2
• Abdominal distension—1 grade 1/2
• Loss of appetite—1 grade 1/2
• Diarrhea—1 grade 1/2
• Hyperbilirubinemia—1 grade 1/2
• Fever—1 grade 1/2 and grade 3/4
• Pain—1 grade 1/2
• Cough—1 grade 1/2
• Constipation—1 grade 1/2.

Dr Huang said EBV reactivation was not confirmed in this study. An elevated EBV DNA load was only observed in 2 patients with progressive disease.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Results of a phase 2 study suggest chidamide can produce durable responses in patients with relapsed/refractory natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL).

The overall response rate was 57.2% in these patients, and the complete response (CR) rate was 28.6%.

Seven of 14 evaluable patients were still receiving chidamide and still in response at last follow-up. For one patient, this was 50 weeks from initiating treatment with chidamide.

“The response is quite promising and encouraging,” said study investigator Huiqiang Huang, MD, PhD, of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center in Guangzhou, China.

“In terms of safety, the toxicity is mild to moderate.”

Dr Huang presented these results at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

This investigator-sponsored trial enrolled patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but Dr Huang presented results in NKTCL patients only.

There were 15 NKTCL patients, most of whom were male (n=12). Their median age was 41 (range, 17-65). All 15 had an ECOG status of 0 or 1, 9 had stage I/II disease, and 6 had B symptoms.

Nine patients had Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels of at least 1000 copy/mL at baseline, and 5 patients had lactate dehydrogenase levels of at least 245 U/L.

The patients had a median of 2 prior systemic therapies (range, 1-3), and 2 patients had undergone a transplant.

Efficacy

Patients received chidamide at 2 doses—10 mg daily or 30 mg twice a week. Dr Huang said both doses were effective against the lymphoma types studied, but the 30 mg twice-weekly dose appeared to be more effective for patients with NKTCL.

Fourteen NKTCL patients were evaluable for efficacy, and the median follow-up was 17.6 weeks (range, 2.6-50).

The overall response rate was 68.2% (6/14), and the CR rate was 28.6% (4/14). The disease control rate was 71.4%, meaning 10 of 14 patients had a CR, partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD).

Dr Huang noted that response was associated with elevated H3 acetylation level.

The median time to response was 5.25 weeks (range, 1.1-6.6).

As for duration of response, the 4 complete responders were still on treatment and in CR at last follow-up, which was 22.7 weeks, 38.1 weeks, 41.3 weeks, and 50 weeks, respectively, from treatment initiation.

Three of the 4 partial responders were still on treatment and in PR at 14.1 weeks, 26.9 weeks, and 32 weeks, respectively. Two patients with SD were still on treatment and in SD at 15.3 weeks and 15.9 weeks, respectively.

Three patients progressed while on treatment and died. A fourth patient died 2.6 weeks after treatment initiation.

Safety

Dr Huang noted that adverse events (AEs) were similar with the 2 dose groups. However, patients who received 30 mg biweekly had a higher incidence of gastrointestinal AEs.

Overall, the most common AEs were hematologic—anemia, thrombocytopenia, etc.—but dose reductions allowed for quick resolution of these AEs, according to Dr Huang.

AEs included:

• Lymphopenia—10 grade 1/2 and 1 grade 3/4
• Anemia—9 grade 1/2 and 3 grade 3/4
• Thrombocytopenia—7 grade 1/2 and grade 3/4
• Leukopenia—7 grade 1/2 and 6 grade 3/4
• Increased alanine aminotransferase—7 grade 1/2
• Neutropenia—6 grade 1/2 and 7 grade 3/4
• Increased aspartate aminotransferase—5 grade 1/2
• Hypoalbuminemia—4 grade 1/2
• Nausea—4 grade 1/2 and 1 grade 3/4
• Vomiting—3 grade 1/2
• Mucositis—2 grade 1/2
• Fatigue—2 grade 1/2
• Epistaxis—2 grade 1/2
• Abdominal distension—1 grade 1/2
• Loss of appetite—1 grade 1/2
• Diarrhea—1 grade 1/2
• Hyperbilirubinemia—1 grade 1/2
• Fever—1 grade 1/2 and grade 3/4
• Pain—1 grade 1/2
• Cough—1 grade 1/2
• Constipation—1 grade 1/2.

Dr Huang said EBV reactivation was not confirmed in this study. An elevated EBV DNA load was only observed in 2 patients with progressive disease.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—A 2-drug combination has demonstrated preferential activity in T-cell lymphomas over B-cell lymphomas, according to researchers.

In a small, phase 1/2 study, treatment with oral 5-azacitidine and romidepsin produced a higher overall response rate (ORR) and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with T-cell lymphomas.

“In a very limited sample, we’ve definitely observed exquisite activity of the combination in patients with T-cell lymphoma compared to all other subtypes,” said Lorenzo Falchi, MD, of Columbia University Medical Center in New York, New York.

Dr Falchi presented these results at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

The research was funded by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, the Lymphoma Research Fund at Columbia University, and Celgene.

The phase 1 portion of this study included patients with previously treated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or Hodgkin lymphoma. The phase 2 portion included only patients with T-cell lymphomas, newly diagnosed or previously treated.

Thirty-three patients were enrolled—12 with Hodgkin lymphoma, 8 with B-cell NHL, and 13 with T-cell NHL.

The patients’ median age was 54 (range, 23-79). Fifty-seven percent (n=19) were male. Sixty-one percent of patients were non-Hispanic white (n=20), 24% (n=8) were black, and 12% (n=4) were Asian.

“This was a very heavily pretreated patient population,” Dr Falchi noted. “I’d like to emphasize that the median number of prior treatments is 5 [range, 0-15].”

“Over half of patients had had stem cell transplantation [17 autologous and 5 allogeneic]. And, if you look at the subtypes by histology, all patients, pretty much, at some point, received all the standard chemotherapy or treatment approaches that are typically used for that subtype.”

Treatment

Patients were divided into 7 dosing cohorts. Azacitidine doses ranged from 100 mg to 300 mg on days 1-14 or days 1-21 per cycle.

Romidepsin doses ranged from 10 mg/m² to 14 mg/m². The drug was given on days 8 and 15 every 21 or 28 days, or it was given on days 8, 15, and 22 every 35 days.

There were 2 dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in cohort 2—grade 3 thrombocytopenia and grade 3 pleural effusion. In this cohort, 3 patients received azacitidine at 200 mg on days 1-14 plus romidepsin at 10 mg/m² on days 8 and 15 every 21 days.

There were 3 DLTs in cohort 7—2 cases of grade 4 neutropenia and 1 case of grade 3 thrombocytopenia. In this cohort, 5 patients received azacitidine at 300 mg on days 1 to 21 plus romidepsin at 14 mg/m² on days 8, 15, and 22 every 35 days.

Because of the DLTs in cohort 7, cohort 6 was chosen as the maximum tolerated dose. In cohort 6, 3 patients received azacitidine at 300 mg on days 1-14 plus romidepsin at 14 mg/m² on days 8, 15, and 22 every 35 days.

Patients in the expansion cohort received treatment at the maximum tolerated dose. This cohort included 7 patients with T-cell lymphoma.

Safety

Treatment-emergent adverse events occurring in at least 5% of patients included:

• Anemia—3% grade 3
• Anorexia—9% grade 1
• Back pain—6% grade 2
• Constipation—6% grade 1
• Cough—9% grade 1
• Depression—3% grade 1 and 2
• Diarrhea—15% grade 1 and 6% grade 2
• Dyspnea—3% grade 1 and 2
• Fatigue—21% grade 1, 9% grade 2, and 3% grade 3
• Febrile neutropenia—3% grade 3 and 4
• Fever—6% grade 1 and 3% grade 2
• General disorders and administration site conditions—15% grade 1
• Hyperglycemia—3% grade 3
• Hypokalemia—6% grade 1
• Hypotension—3% grade 3
• Insomnia—6% grade 1
• Oral mucositis—9% grade 1 and 3% grade 2
• Nausea—18% grade 1, 27% grade 2, and 3% grade 3
• Neutrophil count decrease—3% grade 3 and 4
• Pain—3% grade 1 and 6% grade 2
• Pain of skin—3% grade 1 and 2
• Platelet count decrease—6% grade 2, 9% grade 3, and 6% grade 4
• Urinary tract infection—3% grade 3
• Vomiting—18% grade 1 and 21% grade 2.

Efficacy

Twenty-eight patients were evaluable for efficacy. The ORR for these patients was 36% (n=10).

The complete response (CR) rate was 22% (n=6), and the partial response (PR) rate was 14% (n=4). Twenty-five percent of patients (n=7) had stable disease, and 39% (n=11) progressed.

Dr Falchi noted that the ORR was “much higher” in patients with T-cell lymphoma than in those with B-cell lymphoma—80% (n=8) and 11% (n=2), respectively.

The CR rates were 50% (n=5) in T-cell lymphoma patients and 5.5% (n=1) in B-cell patients. PR rates were 30% (n=3) and 5.5% (n=1), respectively. Thirty-nine percent (n=7) of B-cell patients had stable disease, but none of the T-cell patients did.

“Patients with non-T-cell lymphoma were much more likely to progress on treatment,” Dr Falchi noted. “Half of them did so [n=9].”

This is in comparison to the 20% of T-cell lymphoma patients who progressed on treatment (n=2).

Disease subtypes for complete responders included transformed follicular lymphoma (n=1), T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (n=1), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (n=1), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (n=1), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (n=2).

Partial responders had follicular lymphoma (n=1), cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma (n=1), cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (n=1), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (n=1).

The 2 responders with B-cell lymphoma (1 CR and 1 PR) ultimately progressed and died.

Of the 8 responders with T-cell lymphoma, 3 have an ongoing CR, and 2 of these patients proceeded to transplant.

One T-cell patient who achieved a CR and proceeded to transplant was lost to follow-up. Another died after transplant.

Two T-cell patients who achieved a PR progressed and died. And 1 patient has an ongoing PR.

In total, 75% of patients (n=21) progressed. The median PFS for the entire study cohort was 3.6 months (range, 1.5-5.7).

The median PFS was 2.2 months (range, 1.1-3.2) for patients with B-cell lymphomas and was not reached for the T-cell lymphoma patients.

Eighty-nine percent of B-cell patients progressed (n=16), as did 40% of T-cell patients (n=4).

Dr Falchi and his colleagues are now conducting studies to correlate the pharmacokinetics of azacitidine-romidepsin with genome-wide methylation and correlate TET2, IDH2, and DNMT3A mutation status with clinical response.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—A 2-drug combination has demonstrated preferential activity in T-cell lymphomas over B-cell lymphomas, according to researchers.

In a small, phase 1/2 study, treatment with oral 5-azacitidine and romidepsin produced a higher overall response rate (ORR) and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with T-cell lymphomas.

“In a very limited sample, we’ve definitely observed exquisite activity of the combination in patients with T-cell lymphoma compared to all other subtypes,” said Lorenzo Falchi, MD, of Columbia University Medical Center in New York, New York.

Dr Falchi presented these results at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

The research was funded by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, the Lymphoma Research Fund at Columbia University, and Celgene.

The phase 1 portion of this study included patients with previously treated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or Hodgkin lymphoma. The phase 2 portion included only patients with T-cell lymphomas, newly diagnosed or previously treated.

Thirty-three patients were enrolled—12 with Hodgkin lymphoma, 8 with B-cell NHL, and 13 with T-cell NHL.

The patients’ median age was 54 (range, 23-79). Fifty-seven percent (n=19) were male. Sixty-one percent of patients were non-Hispanic white (n=20), 24% (n=8) were black, and 12% (n=4) were Asian.

“This was a very heavily pretreated patient population,” Dr Falchi noted. “I’d like to emphasize that the median number of prior treatments is 5 [range, 0-15].”

“Over half of patients had had stem cell transplantation [17 autologous and 5 allogeneic]. And, if you look at the subtypes by histology, all patients, pretty much, at some point, received all the standard chemotherapy or treatment approaches that are typically used for that subtype.”

Treatment

Patients were divided into 7 dosing cohorts. Azacitidine doses ranged from 100 mg to 300 mg on days 1-14 or days 1-21 per cycle.

Romidepsin doses ranged from 10 mg/m² to 14 mg/m². The drug was given on days 8 and 15 every 21 or 28 days, or it was given on days 8, 15, and 22 every 35 days.

There were 2 dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in cohort 2—grade 3 thrombocytopenia and grade 3 pleural effusion. In this cohort, 3 patients received azacitidine at 200 mg on days 1-14 plus romidepsin at 10 mg/m² on days 8 and 15 every 21 days.

There were 3 DLTs in cohort 7—2 cases of grade 4 neutropenia and 1 case of grade 3 thrombocytopenia. In this cohort, 5 patients received azacitidine at 300 mg on days 1 to 21 plus romidepsin at 14 mg/m² on days 8, 15, and 22 every 35 days.

Because of the DLTs in cohort 7, cohort 6 was chosen as the maximum tolerated dose. In cohort 6, 3 patients received azacitidine at 300 mg on days 1-14 plus romidepsin at 14 mg/m² on days 8, 15, and 22 every 35 days.

Patients in the expansion cohort received treatment at the maximum tolerated dose. This cohort included 7 patients with T-cell lymphoma.

Safety

Treatment-emergent adverse events occurring in at least 5% of patients included:

• Anemia—3% grade 3
• Anorexia—9% grade 1
• Back pain—6% grade 2
• Constipation—6% grade 1
• Cough—9% grade 1
• Depression—3% grade 1 and 2
• Diarrhea—15% grade 1 and 6% grade 2
• Dyspnea—3% grade 1 and 2
• Fatigue—21% grade 1, 9% grade 2, and 3% grade 3
• Febrile neutropenia—3% grade 3 and 4
• Fever—6% grade 1 and 3% grade 2
• General disorders and administration site conditions—15% grade 1
• Hyperglycemia—3% grade 3
• Hypokalemia—6% grade 1
• Hypotension—3% grade 3
• Insomnia—6% grade 1
• Oral mucositis—9% grade 1 and 3% grade 2
• Nausea—18% grade 1, 27% grade 2, and 3% grade 3
• Neutrophil count decrease—3% grade 3 and 4
• Pain—3% grade 1 and 6% grade 2
• Pain of skin—3% grade 1 and 2
• Platelet count decrease—6% grade 2, 9% grade 3, and 6% grade 4
• Urinary tract infection—3% grade 3
• Vomiting—18% grade 1 and 21% grade 2.

Efficacy

Twenty-eight patients were evaluable for efficacy. The ORR for these patients was 36% (n=10).

The complete response (CR) rate was 22% (n=6), and the partial response (PR) rate was 14% (n=4). Twenty-five percent of patients (n=7) had stable disease, and 39% (n=11) progressed.

Dr Falchi noted that the ORR was “much higher” in patients with T-cell lymphoma than in those with B-cell lymphoma—80% (n=8) and 11% (n=2), respectively.

The CR rates were 50% (n=5) in T-cell lymphoma patients and 5.5% (n=1) in B-cell patients. PR rates were 30% (n=3) and 5.5% (n=1), respectively. Thirty-nine percent (n=7) of B-cell patients had stable disease, but none of the T-cell patients did.

“Patients with non-T-cell lymphoma were much more likely to progress on treatment,” Dr Falchi noted. “Half of them did so [n=9].”

This is in comparison to the 20% of T-cell lymphoma patients who progressed on treatment (n=2).

Disease subtypes for complete responders included transformed follicular lymphoma (n=1), T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (n=1), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (n=1), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (n=1), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (n=2).

Partial responders had follicular lymphoma (n=1), cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma (n=1), cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (n=1), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (n=1).

The 2 responders with B-cell lymphoma (1 CR and 1 PR) ultimately progressed and died.

Of the 8 responders with T-cell lymphoma, 3 have an ongoing CR, and 2 of these patients proceeded to transplant.

One T-cell patient who achieved a CR and proceeded to transplant was lost to follow-up. Another died after transplant.

Two T-cell patients who achieved a PR progressed and died. And 1 patient has an ongoing PR.

In total, 75% of patients (n=21) progressed. The median PFS for the entire study cohort was 3.6 months (range, 1.5-5.7).

The median PFS was 2.2 months (range, 1.1-3.2) for patients with B-cell lymphomas and was not reached for the T-cell lymphoma patients.

Eighty-nine percent of B-cell patients progressed (n=16), as did 40% of T-cell patients (n=4).

Dr Falchi and his colleagues are now conducting studies to correlate the pharmacokinetics of azacitidine-romidepsin with genome-wide methylation and correlate TET2, IDH2, and DNMT3A mutation status with clinical response.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—A 2-drug combination has demonstrated preferential activity in T-cell lymphomas over B-cell lymphomas, according to researchers.

In a small, phase 1/2 study, treatment with oral 5-azacitidine and romidepsin produced a higher overall response rate (ORR) and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with T-cell lymphomas.

“In a very limited sample, we’ve definitely observed exquisite activity of the combination in patients with T-cell lymphoma compared to all other subtypes,” said Lorenzo Falchi, MD, of Columbia University Medical Center in New York, New York.

Dr Falchi presented these results at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

The research was funded by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, the Lymphoma Research Fund at Columbia University, and Celgene.

The phase 1 portion of this study included patients with previously treated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or Hodgkin lymphoma. The phase 2 portion included only patients with T-cell lymphomas, newly diagnosed or previously treated.

Thirty-three patients were enrolled—12 with Hodgkin lymphoma, 8 with B-cell NHL, and 13 with T-cell NHL.

The patients’ median age was 54 (range, 23-79). Fifty-seven percent (n=19) were male. Sixty-one percent of patients were non-Hispanic white (n=20), 24% (n=8) were black, and 12% (n=4) were Asian.

“This was a very heavily pretreated patient population,” Dr Falchi noted. “I’d like to emphasize that the median number of prior treatments is 5 [range, 0-15].”

“Over half of patients had had stem cell transplantation [17 autologous and 5 allogeneic]. And, if you look at the subtypes by histology, all patients, pretty much, at some point, received all the standard chemotherapy or treatment approaches that are typically used for that subtype.”

Treatment

Patients were divided into 7 dosing cohorts. Azacitidine doses ranged from 100 mg to 300 mg on days 1-14 or days 1-21 per cycle.

Romidepsin doses ranged from 10 mg/m² to 14 mg/m². The drug was given on days 8 and 15 every 21 or 28 days, or it was given on days 8, 15, and 22 every 35 days.

There were 2 dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in cohort 2—grade 3 thrombocytopenia and grade 3 pleural effusion. In this cohort, 3 patients received azacitidine at 200 mg on days 1-14 plus romidepsin at 10 mg/m² on days 8 and 15 every 21 days.

There were 3 DLTs in cohort 7—2 cases of grade 4 neutropenia and 1 case of grade 3 thrombocytopenia. In this cohort, 5 patients received azacitidine at 300 mg on days 1 to 21 plus romidepsin at 14 mg/m² on days 8, 15, and 22 every 35 days.

Because of the DLTs in cohort 7, cohort 6 was chosen as the maximum tolerated dose. In cohort 6, 3 patients received azacitidine at 300 mg on days 1-14 plus romidepsin at 14 mg/m² on days 8, 15, and 22 every 35 days.

Patients in the expansion cohort received treatment at the maximum tolerated dose. This cohort included 7 patients with T-cell lymphoma.

Safety

Treatment-emergent adverse events occurring in at least 5% of patients included:

• Anemia—3% grade 3
• Anorexia—9% grade 1
• Back pain—6% grade 2
• Constipation—6% grade 1
• Cough—9% grade 1
• Depression—3% grade 1 and 2
• Diarrhea—15% grade 1 and 6% grade 2
• Dyspnea—3% grade 1 and 2
• Fatigue—21% grade 1, 9% grade 2, and 3% grade 3
• Febrile neutropenia—3% grade 3 and 4
• Fever—6% grade 1 and 3% grade 2
• General disorders and administration site conditions—15% grade 1
• Hyperglycemia—3% grade 3
• Hypokalemia—6% grade 1
• Hypotension—3% grade 3
• Insomnia—6% grade 1
• Oral mucositis—9% grade 1 and 3% grade 2
• Nausea—18% grade 1, 27% grade 2, and 3% grade 3
• Neutrophil count decrease—3% grade 3 and 4
• Pain—3% grade 1 and 6% grade 2
• Pain of skin—3% grade 1 and 2
• Platelet count decrease—6% grade 2, 9% grade 3, and 6% grade 4
• Urinary tract infection—3% grade 3
• Vomiting—18% grade 1 and 21% grade 2.

Efficacy

Twenty-eight patients were evaluable for efficacy. The ORR for these patients was 36% (n=10).

The complete response (CR) rate was 22% (n=6), and the partial response (PR) rate was 14% (n=4). Twenty-five percent of patients (n=7) had stable disease, and 39% (n=11) progressed.

Dr Falchi noted that the ORR was “much higher” in patients with T-cell lymphoma than in those with B-cell lymphoma—80% (n=8) and 11% (n=2), respectively.

The CR rates were 50% (n=5) in T-cell lymphoma patients and 5.5% (n=1) in B-cell patients. PR rates were 30% (n=3) and 5.5% (n=1), respectively. Thirty-nine percent (n=7) of B-cell patients had stable disease, but none of the T-cell patients did.

“Patients with non-T-cell lymphoma were much more likely to progress on treatment,” Dr Falchi noted. “Half of them did so [n=9].”

This is in comparison to the 20% of T-cell lymphoma patients who progressed on treatment (n=2).

Disease subtypes for complete responders included transformed follicular lymphoma (n=1), T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (n=1), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (n=1), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (n=1), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (n=2).

Partial responders had follicular lymphoma (n=1), cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma (n=1), cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (n=1), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (n=1).

The 2 responders with B-cell lymphoma (1 CR and 1 PR) ultimately progressed and died.

Of the 8 responders with T-cell lymphoma, 3 have an ongoing CR, and 2 of these patients proceeded to transplant.

One T-cell patient who achieved a CR and proceeded to transplant was lost to follow-up. Another died after transplant.

Two T-cell patients who achieved a PR progressed and died. And 1 patient has an ongoing PR.

In total, 75% of patients (n=21) progressed. The median PFS for the entire study cohort was 3.6 months (range, 1.5-5.7).

The median PFS was 2.2 months (range, 1.1-3.2) for patients with B-cell lymphomas and was not reached for the T-cell lymphoma patients.

Eighty-nine percent of B-cell patients progressed (n=16), as did 40% of T-cell patients (n=4).

Dr Falchi and his colleagues are now conducting studies to correlate the pharmacokinetics of azacitidine-romidepsin with genome-wide methylation and correlate TET2, IDH2, and DNMT3A mutation status with clinical response.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Phase 1 results suggest duvelisib combination therapies can be active and well-tolerated in patients with relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphomas.

Researchers said duvelisib had an acceptable safety profile when given in combination with romidepsin or bortezomib to patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).

Duvelisib plus romidepsin produced a 60% overall response rate (ORR) in these patients, and duvelisib plus bortezomib produced a 35% ORR.

Response rates were higher in PTCL patients than CTCL patients.

Neha Mehta-Shah, MD, of Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, and her colleagues presented these results in a poster at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

The research was supported by the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, and Verastem Inc.

This phase 1 trial consists of parallel arms evaluating duvelisib in combination with romidepsin (arm A) or bortezomib (arm B). The trial enrolled patients with PTCL or CTCL that had progressed after at least 1 prior therapy.

All patients received duvelisib at 25 mg, 50 mg, or 75 mg twice daily for 28-day cycles.

Patients in arm A received romidepsin at 10 mg/m² on days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle.

Patients in arm B received bortezomib at 1 mg/m² on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of each cycle.

Romidepsin combination

Sixteen patients received duvelisib plus romidepsin, and 15 of them were evaluable for efficacy. Eleven patients had PTCL, and 4 had CTCL.

The ORR was 60% (9/16), and the complete response (CR) rate was 27% (n=4). The median time to response was 51 days (range, 49-54).

The ORR was 64% in the PTCL patients and 50% in the CTCL patients. All 4 CRs occurred in PTCL patients, 2 in patients with PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS) and 2 in patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL).

There were 5 responses among patients who received the 75 mg dose of duvelisib (n=8) and 2 responses each in the 50 mg dose group (n=3) and 25 mg dose group (n=4).

There were no dose-limiting toxicities, so the 75 mg dose of duvelisib was considered the maximum tolerated dose.

All 16 patients were evaluable for safety. There were 2 serious adverse events (AEs) considered possibly related to treatment—grade 3 fatigue and grade 2 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increase.

There were 2 deaths considered unrelated to treatment—diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after allogeneic transplant and sepsis in the setting of disease progression.

Treatment-related AEs (occurring in at least 2 patients) were fatigue (56%), nausea (50%), altered taste (50%), diarrhea (38%), neutropenia (38%), rash (31%), thrombocytopenia (25%), dysphagia (25%), and anorexia (25%).

Grade 3/4 treatment-related AEs included neutropenia (38%) and thrombocytopenia (6%).

One patient discontinued duvelisib-romidepsin due to toxicity, and 7 discontinued due to progressive disease.

Three patients proceeded to bone marrow transplant/donor lymphocyte infusion, and 4 patients are still receiving study treatment.

Bortezomib combination

There were 17 patients who received duvelisib plus bortezomib—10 with PTCL and 7 with CTCL.

The ORR was 35% (6/17), and the CR rate was 18% (n=3). The median time to response was 52 days (range, 47-57).

The ORR was 50% in PTCL patients and 14% among CTCL patients.

All 3 CRs occurred in the PTCL patients—1 in a patient with AITL, 1 in a patient with PTCL-NOS, and 1 in a patient who had intestinal T-cell lymphoma with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.

There were 3 responses among patients who received the 25 mg dose of duvelisib (n=8), 2 responses in the 50 mg dose group (n=3), and 1 response in the 75 mg dose group (n=6).

There was 1 dose-limiting toxicity—pneumonia—in a patient treated at the 25 mg dose.

The 25 mg dose was deemed optimal due to grade 3 alanine transaminase (ALT)/AST elevations observed after cycle 1 with the 50 mg dose (n=3) and the 75 mg dose (n=2).

There were 6 serious AEs considered possibly related to treatment:

• Grade 3 pneumonia (n=2)
• Grade 3 infectious colitis (n=1)
• Grade 3 colitis (n=1)
• Grade 4 ALT/AST elevation (n=1)
• Grade 5 Stevens-Johnson syndrome (n=1).

The fatal case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome was considered possibly related to bortezomib, duvelisib, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, a medication that was started at the beginning of the study.

Treatment-related AEs (occurring in at least 2 patients) included diarrhea/colitis (71%), ALT/AST increase (41%), rash (24%), neutropenia (24%), nausea/vomiting (24%), chills (24%), fatigue (24%), and alkaline phosphatase increase (12%).

Grade 3/4 AEs included ALT/AST increase (35%), rash (12%), neutropenia (12%), diarrhea/colitis (6%), and alkaline phosphatase increase (6%).

Seven patients discontinued duvelisib-bortezomib due to toxicity, and 8 discontinued due to disease progression. Two patients are still on study treatment.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Phase 1 results suggest duvelisib combination therapies can be active and well-tolerated in patients with relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphomas.

Researchers said duvelisib had an acceptable safety profile when given in combination with romidepsin or bortezomib to patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).

Duvelisib plus romidepsin produced a 60% overall response rate (ORR) in these patients, and duvelisib plus bortezomib produced a 35% ORR.

Response rates were higher in PTCL patients than CTCL patients.

Neha Mehta-Shah, MD, of Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, and her colleagues presented these results in a poster at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

The research was supported by the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, and Verastem Inc.

This phase 1 trial consists of parallel arms evaluating duvelisib in combination with romidepsin (arm A) or bortezomib (arm B). The trial enrolled patients with PTCL or CTCL that had progressed after at least 1 prior therapy.

All patients received duvelisib at 25 mg, 50 mg, or 75 mg twice daily for 28-day cycles.

Patients in arm A received romidepsin at 10 mg/m² on days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle.

Patients in arm B received bortezomib at 1 mg/m² on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of each cycle.

Romidepsin combination

Sixteen patients received duvelisib plus romidepsin, and 15 of them were evaluable for efficacy. Eleven patients had PTCL, and 4 had CTCL.

The ORR was 60% (9/16), and the complete response (CR) rate was 27% (n=4). The median time to response was 51 days (range, 49-54).

The ORR was 64% in the PTCL patients and 50% in the CTCL patients. All 4 CRs occurred in PTCL patients, 2 in patients with PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS) and 2 in patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL).

There were 5 responses among patients who received the 75 mg dose of duvelisib (n=8) and 2 responses each in the 50 mg dose group (n=3) and 25 mg dose group (n=4).

There were no dose-limiting toxicities, so the 75 mg dose of duvelisib was considered the maximum tolerated dose.

All 16 patients were evaluable for safety. There were 2 serious adverse events (AEs) considered possibly related to treatment—grade 3 fatigue and grade 2 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increase.

There were 2 deaths considered unrelated to treatment—diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after allogeneic transplant and sepsis in the setting of disease progression.

Treatment-related AEs (occurring in at least 2 patients) were fatigue (56%), nausea (50%), altered taste (50%), diarrhea (38%), neutropenia (38%), rash (31%), thrombocytopenia (25%), dysphagia (25%), and anorexia (25%).

Grade 3/4 treatment-related AEs included neutropenia (38%) and thrombocytopenia (6%).

One patient discontinued duvelisib-romidepsin due to toxicity, and 7 discontinued due to progressive disease.

Three patients proceeded to bone marrow transplant/donor lymphocyte infusion, and 4 patients are still receiving study treatment.

Bortezomib combination

There were 17 patients who received duvelisib plus bortezomib—10 with PTCL and 7 with CTCL.

The ORR was 35% (6/17), and the CR rate was 18% (n=3). The median time to response was 52 days (range, 47-57).

The ORR was 50% in PTCL patients and 14% among CTCL patients.

All 3 CRs occurred in the PTCL patients—1 in a patient with AITL, 1 in a patient with PTCL-NOS, and 1 in a patient who had intestinal T-cell lymphoma with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.

There were 3 responses among patients who received the 25 mg dose of duvelisib (n=8), 2 responses in the 50 mg dose group (n=3), and 1 response in the 75 mg dose group (n=6).

There was 1 dose-limiting toxicity—pneumonia—in a patient treated at the 25 mg dose.

The 25 mg dose was deemed optimal due to grade 3 alanine transaminase (ALT)/AST elevations observed after cycle 1 with the 50 mg dose (n=3) and the 75 mg dose (n=2).

There were 6 serious AEs considered possibly related to treatment:

• Grade 3 pneumonia (n=2)
• Grade 3 infectious colitis (n=1)
• Grade 3 colitis (n=1)
• Grade 4 ALT/AST elevation (n=1)
• Grade 5 Stevens-Johnson syndrome (n=1).

The fatal case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome was considered possibly related to bortezomib, duvelisib, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, a medication that was started at the beginning of the study.

Treatment-related AEs (occurring in at least 2 patients) included diarrhea/colitis (71%), ALT/AST increase (41%), rash (24%), neutropenia (24%), nausea/vomiting (24%), chills (24%), fatigue (24%), and alkaline phosphatase increase (12%).

Grade 3/4 AEs included ALT/AST increase (35%), rash (12%), neutropenia (12%), diarrhea/colitis (6%), and alkaline phosphatase increase (6%).

Seven patients discontinued duvelisib-bortezomib due to toxicity, and 8 discontinued due to disease progression. Two patients are still on study treatment.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Phase 1 results suggest duvelisib combination therapies can be active and well-tolerated in patients with relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphomas.

Researchers said duvelisib had an acceptable safety profile when given in combination with romidepsin or bortezomib to patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).

Duvelisib plus romidepsin produced a 60% overall response rate (ORR) in these patients, and duvelisib plus bortezomib produced a 35% ORR.

Response rates were higher in PTCL patients than CTCL patients.

Neha Mehta-Shah, MD, of Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, and her colleagues presented these results in a poster at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum.

The research was supported by the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, and Verastem Inc.

This phase 1 trial consists of parallel arms evaluating duvelisib in combination with romidepsin (arm A) or bortezomib (arm B). The trial enrolled patients with PTCL or CTCL that had progressed after at least 1 prior therapy.

All patients received duvelisib at 25 mg, 50 mg, or 75 mg twice daily for 28-day cycles.

Patients in arm A received romidepsin at 10 mg/m² on days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle.

Patients in arm B received bortezomib at 1 mg/m² on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of each cycle.

Romidepsin combination

Sixteen patients received duvelisib plus romidepsin, and 15 of them were evaluable for efficacy. Eleven patients had PTCL, and 4 had CTCL.

The ORR was 60% (9/16), and the complete response (CR) rate was 27% (n=4). The median time to response was 51 days (range, 49-54).

The ORR was 64% in the PTCL patients and 50% in the CTCL patients. All 4 CRs occurred in PTCL patients, 2 in patients with PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS) and 2 in patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL).

There were 5 responses among patients who received the 75 mg dose of duvelisib (n=8) and 2 responses each in the 50 mg dose group (n=3) and 25 mg dose group (n=4).

There were no dose-limiting toxicities, so the 75 mg dose of duvelisib was considered the maximum tolerated dose.

All 16 patients were evaluable for safety. There were 2 serious adverse events (AEs) considered possibly related to treatment—grade 3 fatigue and grade 2 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increase.

There were 2 deaths considered unrelated to treatment—diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after allogeneic transplant and sepsis in the setting of disease progression.

Treatment-related AEs (occurring in at least 2 patients) were fatigue (56%), nausea (50%), altered taste (50%), diarrhea (38%), neutropenia (38%), rash (31%), thrombocytopenia (25%), dysphagia (25%), and anorexia (25%).

Grade 3/4 treatment-related AEs included neutropenia (38%) and thrombocytopenia (6%).

One patient discontinued duvelisib-romidepsin due to toxicity, and 7 discontinued due to progressive disease.

Three patients proceeded to bone marrow transplant/donor lymphocyte infusion, and 4 patients are still receiving study treatment.

Bortezomib combination

There were 17 patients who received duvelisib plus bortezomib—10 with PTCL and 7 with CTCL.

The ORR was 35% (6/17), and the CR rate was 18% (n=3). The median time to response was 52 days (range, 47-57).

The ORR was 50% in PTCL patients and 14% among CTCL patients.

All 3 CRs occurred in the PTCL patients—1 in a patient with AITL, 1 in a patient with PTCL-NOS, and 1 in a patient who had intestinal T-cell lymphoma with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.

There were 3 responses among patients who received the 25 mg dose of duvelisib (n=8), 2 responses in the 50 mg dose group (n=3), and 1 response in the 75 mg dose group (n=6).

There was 1 dose-limiting toxicity—pneumonia—in a patient treated at the 25 mg dose.

The 25 mg dose was deemed optimal due to grade 3 alanine transaminase (ALT)/AST elevations observed after cycle 1 with the 50 mg dose (n=3) and the 75 mg dose (n=2).

There were 6 serious AEs considered possibly related to treatment:

• Grade 3 pneumonia (n=2)
• Grade 3 infectious colitis (n=1)
• Grade 3 colitis (n=1)
• Grade 4 ALT/AST elevation (n=1)
• Grade 5 Stevens-Johnson syndrome (n=1).

The fatal case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome was considered possibly related to bortezomib, duvelisib, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, a medication that was started at the beginning of the study.

Treatment-related AEs (occurring in at least 2 patients) included diarrhea/colitis (71%), ALT/AST increase (41%), rash (24%), neutropenia (24%), nausea/vomiting (24%), chills (24%), fatigue (24%), and alkaline phosphatase increase (12%).

Grade 3/4 AEs included ALT/AST increase (35%), rash (12%), neutropenia (12%), diarrhea/colitis (6%), and alkaline phosphatase increase (6%).

Seven patients discontinued duvelisib-bortezomib due to toxicity, and 8 discontinued due to disease progression. Two patients are still on study treatment.

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Mogamulizumab is a valuable new therapeutic option for patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), according to researchers.

Results of the phase 3 MAVORIC study indicated that mogamulizumab is more effective than vorinostat in previously treated patients with CTCL.

Mogamulizumab produced a better overall response rate (ORR) and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in these patients.

Infusion-related reactions and drug eruptions were more common in patients who received mogamulizumab.

Youn H. Kim, MD, of the Stanford Cancer Institute in Palo Alto, California, and her colleagues presented these results in a poster at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum. The study was funded by Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Development, Inc.

MAVORIC enrolled 372 adults with histologically confirmed mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sézary syndrome (SS) who had failed at least 1 systemic therapy. They were randomized to receive mogamulizumab at 1.0 mg/kg (weekly for the first 4-week cycle and then every 2 weeks) or vorinostat at 400 mg daily.

Patients were treated until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Those receiving vorinostat could crossover to mogamulizumab if they progressed or experienced intolerable toxicity.

Baseline characteristics were similar between the treatment arms. The median age was 64 (range, 54-73) in the mogamulizumab arm and 65 (range, 56-72) in the vorinostat arm. Ninety-nine percent and 100% of patients, respectively, had an ECOG performance status of 0 to 1.

A little more than half of patients in each arm had MF—57% in the mogamulizumab arm and 53% in the vorinostat arm.

The median number of prior systemic therapies was 3 in both arms (range, 1-18 in the mogamulizumab arm and 0-14 in the vorinostat arm).

Efficacy

The primary endpoint was PFS, and mogamulizumab provided a significant improvement there. The median PFS was 7.7 months with mogamulizumab and 3.1 months with vorinostat (hazard ratio=0.53, P<0.0001).

The researchers also observed a significant improvement in global ORR with mogamulizumab. It was 28% (52/189) in that arm and 5% (9/186) in the vorinostat arm (P<0.0001).

For patients with MF, the ORR was 21% with mogamulizumab and 7% with vorinostat. For SS patients, the ORR was 37% and 2%, respectively.

Responses by disease compartment were superior with mogamulizumab as well.

“Especially in the blood compartment, mogamulizumab had very striking activity over vorinostat,” Dr Kim said.

The blood ORR was 68% with mogamulizumab and 19% with vorinostat. The skin ORR was 42% and 16%, respectively. The lymph node ORR was 17% and 4%, respectively. The viscera ORR was 0% in both arms.

After crossover, the ORR in the mogamulizumab arm was 30% (41/136).

The median duration of response (DOR) was 14 months in the mogamulizumab arm and 9 months in the vorinostat arm.

For MF patients, the median DOR was 13 months with mogamulizumab and 9 months with vorinostat. For SS patients, the median DOR was 17 months and 7 months, respectively.

Safety

“Side effects [of mogamulizumab] were very well tolerable,” Dr Kim said. “Most significant is rash and infusion reactions, but, in terms of severe adverse events, [they] were very minimal.”

The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), occurring in at least 20% of patients in either arm (mogamulizumab and vorinostat, respectively), were:

• Infusion-related reactions (33.2% vs 0.5%)
• Drug eruptions (23.9% vs 0.5%)
• Diarrhea (23.4% vs 61.8%)
• Nausea (15.2% vs 42.5%)
• Thrombocytopenia (11.4% vs 30.6%)
• Dysgeusia (3.3% vs 28.0%)
• Increased blood creatinine (3.3% vs 28.0%)
• Decreased appetite (7.6% vs 24.7%).

There were no grade 4 AEs in the mogamulizumab arm and 2 cases of grade 4 thrombocytopenia in the vorinostat arm.

Grade 3 AEs in the mogamulizumab arm included drug eruptions (n=8), infusion-related reactions (n=3), fatigue (n=3), decreased appetite (n=2), nausea (n=1), pyrexia (n=1), and diarrhea (n=1).

Grade 3 AEs in the vorinostat arm included thrombocytopenia (n=11), fatigue (n=11), diarrhea (n=9), nausea (n=3), decreased appetite (n=2), and dysgeusia (n=1).

“So the results are, overall, positive,” Dr Kim said. “The data is submitted to the [US Food and Drug Administration]. We are really hoping that [mogamulizumab] will be approved so that we would have a new, exciting treatment for our patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.”

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Mogamulizumab is a valuable new therapeutic option for patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), according to researchers.

Results of the phase 3 MAVORIC study indicated that mogamulizumab is more effective than vorinostat in previously treated patients with CTCL.

Mogamulizumab produced a better overall response rate (ORR) and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in these patients.

Infusion-related reactions and drug eruptions were more common in patients who received mogamulizumab.

Youn H. Kim, MD, of the Stanford Cancer Institute in Palo Alto, California, and her colleagues presented these results in a poster at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum. The study was funded by Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Development, Inc.

MAVORIC enrolled 372 adults with histologically confirmed mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sézary syndrome (SS) who had failed at least 1 systemic therapy. They were randomized to receive mogamulizumab at 1.0 mg/kg (weekly for the first 4-week cycle and then every 2 weeks) or vorinostat at 400 mg daily.

Patients were treated until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Those receiving vorinostat could crossover to mogamulizumab if they progressed or experienced intolerable toxicity.

Baseline characteristics were similar between the treatment arms. The median age was 64 (range, 54-73) in the mogamulizumab arm and 65 (range, 56-72) in the vorinostat arm. Ninety-nine percent and 100% of patients, respectively, had an ECOG performance status of 0 to 1.

A little more than half of patients in each arm had MF—57% in the mogamulizumab arm and 53% in the vorinostat arm.

The median number of prior systemic therapies was 3 in both arms (range, 1-18 in the mogamulizumab arm and 0-14 in the vorinostat arm).

Efficacy

The primary endpoint was PFS, and mogamulizumab provided a significant improvement there. The median PFS was 7.7 months with mogamulizumab and 3.1 months with vorinostat (hazard ratio=0.53, P<0.0001).

The researchers also observed a significant improvement in global ORR with mogamulizumab. It was 28% (52/189) in that arm and 5% (9/186) in the vorinostat arm (P<0.0001).

For patients with MF, the ORR was 21% with mogamulizumab and 7% with vorinostat. For SS patients, the ORR was 37% and 2%, respectively.

Responses by disease compartment were superior with mogamulizumab as well.

“Especially in the blood compartment, mogamulizumab had very striking activity over vorinostat,” Dr Kim said.

The blood ORR was 68% with mogamulizumab and 19% with vorinostat. The skin ORR was 42% and 16%, respectively. The lymph node ORR was 17% and 4%, respectively. The viscera ORR was 0% in both arms.

After crossover, the ORR in the mogamulizumab arm was 30% (41/136).

The median duration of response (DOR) was 14 months in the mogamulizumab arm and 9 months in the vorinostat arm.

For MF patients, the median DOR was 13 months with mogamulizumab and 9 months with vorinostat. For SS patients, the median DOR was 17 months and 7 months, respectively.

Safety

“Side effects [of mogamulizumab] were very well tolerable,” Dr Kim said. “Most significant is rash and infusion reactions, but, in terms of severe adverse events, [they] were very minimal.”

The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), occurring in at least 20% of patients in either arm (mogamulizumab and vorinostat, respectively), were:

• Infusion-related reactions (33.2% vs 0.5%)
• Drug eruptions (23.9% vs 0.5%)
• Diarrhea (23.4% vs 61.8%)
• Nausea (15.2% vs 42.5%)
• Thrombocytopenia (11.4% vs 30.6%)
• Dysgeusia (3.3% vs 28.0%)
• Increased blood creatinine (3.3% vs 28.0%)
• Decreased appetite (7.6% vs 24.7%).

There were no grade 4 AEs in the mogamulizumab arm and 2 cases of grade 4 thrombocytopenia in the vorinostat arm.

Grade 3 AEs in the mogamulizumab arm included drug eruptions (n=8), infusion-related reactions (n=3), fatigue (n=3), decreased appetite (n=2), nausea (n=1), pyrexia (n=1), and diarrhea (n=1).

Grade 3 AEs in the vorinostat arm included thrombocytopenia (n=11), fatigue (n=11), diarrhea (n=9), nausea (n=3), decreased appetite (n=2), and dysgeusia (n=1).

“So the results are, overall, positive,” Dr Kim said. “The data is submitted to the [US Food and Drug Administration]. We are really hoping that [mogamulizumab] will be approved so that we would have a new, exciting treatment for our patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.”

Photo by Larry Young

LA JOLLA, CA—Mogamulizumab is a valuable new therapeutic option for patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), according to researchers.

Results of the phase 3 MAVORIC study indicated that mogamulizumab is more effective than vorinostat in previously treated patients with CTCL.

Mogamulizumab produced a better overall response rate (ORR) and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in these patients.

Infusion-related reactions and drug eruptions were more common in patients who received mogamulizumab.

Youn H. Kim, MD, of the Stanford Cancer Institute in Palo Alto, California, and her colleagues presented these results in a poster at the 10th Annual T-cell Lymphoma Forum. The study was funded by Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Development, Inc.

MAVORIC enrolled 372 adults with histologically confirmed mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sézary syndrome (SS) who had failed at least 1 systemic therapy. They were randomized to receive mogamulizumab at 1.0 mg/kg (weekly for the first 4-week cycle and then every 2 weeks) or vorinostat at 400 mg daily.

Patients were treated until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Those receiving vorinostat could crossover to mogamulizumab if they progressed or experienced intolerable toxicity.

Baseline characteristics were similar between the treatment arms. The median age was 64 (range, 54-73) in the mogamulizumab arm and 65 (range, 56-72) in the vorinostat arm. Ninety-nine percent and 100% of patients, respectively, had an ECOG performance status of 0 to 1.

A little more than half of patients in each arm had MF—57% in the mogamulizumab arm and 53% in the vorinostat arm.

The median number of prior systemic therapies was 3 in both arms (range, 1-18 in the mogamulizumab arm and 0-14 in the vorinostat arm).

Efficacy

The primary endpoint was PFS, and mogamulizumab provided a significant improvement there. The median PFS was 7.7 months with mogamulizumab and 3.1 months with vorinostat (hazard ratio=0.53, P<0.0001).

The researchers also observed a significant improvement in global ORR with mogamulizumab. It was 28% (52/189) in that arm and 5% (9/186) in the vorinostat arm (P<0.0001).

For patients with MF, the ORR was 21% with mogamulizumab and 7% with vorinostat. For SS patients, the ORR was 37% and 2%, respectively.

Responses by disease compartment were superior with mogamulizumab as well.

“Especially in the blood compartment, mogamulizumab had very striking activity over vorinostat,” Dr Kim said.

The blood ORR was 68% with mogamulizumab and 19% with vorinostat. The skin ORR was 42% and 16%, respectively. The lymph node ORR was 17% and 4%, respectively. The viscera ORR was 0% in both arms.

After crossover, the ORR in the mogamulizumab arm was 30% (41/136).

The median duration of response (DOR) was 14 months in the mogamulizumab arm and 9 months in the vorinostat arm.

For MF patients, the median DOR was 13 months with mogamulizumab and 9 months with vorinostat. For SS patients, the median DOR was 17 months and 7 months, respectively.

Safety

“Side effects [of mogamulizumab] were very well tolerable,” Dr Kim said. “Most significant is rash and infusion reactions, but, in terms of severe adverse events, [they] were very minimal.”

The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), occurring in at least 20% of patients in either arm (mogamulizumab and vorinostat, respectively), were:

• Infusion-related reactions (33.2% vs 0.5%)
• Drug eruptions (23.9% vs 0.5%)
• Diarrhea (23.4% vs 61.8%)
• Nausea (15.2% vs 42.5%)
• Thrombocytopenia (11.4% vs 30.6%)
• Dysgeusia (3.3% vs 28.0%)
• Increased blood creatinine (3.3% vs 28.0%)
• Decreased appetite (7.6% vs 24.7%).

There were no grade 4 AEs in the mogamulizumab arm and 2 cases of grade 4 thrombocytopenia in the vorinostat arm.

Grade 3 AEs in the mogamulizumab arm included drug eruptions (n=8), infusion-related reactions (n=3), fatigue (n=3), decreased appetite (n=2), nausea (n=1), pyrexia (n=1), and diarrhea (n=1).

Grade 3 AEs in the vorinostat arm included thrombocytopenia (n=11), fatigue (n=11), diarrhea (n=9), nausea (n=3), decreased appetite (n=2), and dysgeusia (n=1).

“So the results are, overall, positive,” Dr Kim said. “The data is submitted to the [US Food and Drug Administration]. We are really hoping that [mogamulizumab] will be approved so that we would have a new, exciting treatment for our patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.”