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Obesity and diabetes increase the risk for complications following joint surgeries like total hip replacement, but can semaglutide and related drugs help?
The question has massive implications. More than 450,000 total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures are performed annually in the United States, with the number expected to grow to 850,000 by 2030. Obesity is the leading reason for the increase. Semaglutide and other glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists can lead to dramatic and rapid weight loss, in addition to controlling diabetes, so researchers have wondered if the medications might improve outcomes in patients undergoing joint surgery.
Two studies presented at the 2024 annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) sought to answer the question — but reached different conclusions.
One study of THA patients taking semaglutide found fewer 90-day readmissions for diabetes and fewer prosthetic joint infections at the 2-year mark. Another found similar outcomes on the need for revision surgery, infections, and many other postsurgery metrics in people who took the GLP-1 receptor agonist and those who did not. Neither study had outside funding.
Study: Fewer Infections, Readmissions
For their study, Matthew Magruder, MD, a third-year orthopedic resident at Maimonides Medical Center’s Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation in New York City, and his colleagues used an administrative claim database (PearlDiver) to identify THA patients who underwent the surgery between January 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021, when semaglutide was approved for the treatment of diabetes but not yet for obesity. The researchers found 9465 patients who had had a primary THA, of whom 1653 had received a prescription for semaglutide.
In total, 84.9% of those on semaglutide had obesity, as did 85.2% of those not on the medication.
Dr. Magruder’s group looked at medical complications such as deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, hypoglycemia, and pulmonary embolism within 90 days of surgery, implant-related complications 2 years after the procedure, rates of readmission within 90 days of the procedure, length of stay in the hospital, and costs of care.
They found that patients taking semaglutide were less likely to be readmitted to the hospital within 90 days of THA (6.2% vs 8.8%; P <.01) and experienced fewer joint infections (1.6% vs 2.9%; P <.01). No significant differences were found in the other outcomes.
Among the potential concerns involving the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients undergoing surgery are their potential to cause hypoglycemia and the risk for aspiration during anesthesia. But those issues did not emerge in the analysis.
“We concluded that this was preliminary evidence that using semaglutide at the time of surgery was safe and potentially effective at reducing complications,” said Dr. Magruder, whose team published their findings in The Journal of Arthroplasty.
Study: Semaglutide Has No Effect on Postop Complications
In another study presented at the AAOS meeting, researchers found that rates of complications after THA were similar in patients with obesity who took semaglutide and those who did not. That information could be helpful for clinicians who have been reluctant to perform THA procedures in patients who also have had bariatric surgery, said Daniel E. Pereira, MD, a resident at Washington University in St. Louis and the first author of the study.
A recent retrospective review found that patients who had bariatric surgery have worse implant survivorship and higher rates of dislocation than do those with a naturally low or high body mass index (BMI).
Pereira and his colleagues used a national database, with deidentified patient records, originally finding 42,410 patients. After matching, they evaluated 616 in each cohort: those who took semaglutide and those who did not. The average age was 62.7 years; average BMI was 35.5.
Both groups had a similar risk for a range of complications including revision surgery, infection of the new joint and surgical site, opioid-related disorders, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and mortality.
“We didn’t observe anything significant [between groups] in terms of the complications,” said David Momtaz, MPH, a fourth-year medical student at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, who helped conduct the research.
Dr. Pereira said he hoped the results would end the hesitation he observes, partly due to a lack of research, among some physicians about prescribing semaglutide before THA in appropriate patients. “Our preliminary evidence suggests there is no need to withhold THA in patients who successfully lost weight on semaglutide,” he said.
Expert Perspective: Not Unexpected
Peter Hanson, MD, an orthopedic surgeon and orthopedic medical director at Sharp Grossmont Hospital in La Mesa, California, who specializes in hip and knee replacement, said he was unsurprised by the findings.
The patients he has observed on GLP-1 receptor agonists lose weight, he said, and a few even to the point of not needing a replacement. A recent study found that every 1% decrease in weight was associated with a 2% reduced risk for knee replacement in those with knee osteoarthritis or at risk for it, and every 1% drop in weight was associated with a 3% reduced risk for THA.
“I always advise my overweight patient to lose at least 30 pounds, even if their BMI is less than 40, like many in these studies,” Dr. Hanson said. If a patient’s doctor prescribes semaglutide or another GLP-1 receptor agonist, “I am very supportive, and we postpone surgery until the weight loss is maximized,” he added.
Drs. Magruder, Pereira, Momtaz, and Hanson have no disclosures.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
Obesity and diabetes increase the risk for complications following joint surgeries like total hip replacement, but can semaglutide and related drugs help?
The question has massive implications. More than 450,000 total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures are performed annually in the United States, with the number expected to grow to 850,000 by 2030. Obesity is the leading reason for the increase. Semaglutide and other glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists can lead to dramatic and rapid weight loss, in addition to controlling diabetes, so researchers have wondered if the medications might improve outcomes in patients undergoing joint surgery.
Two studies presented at the 2024 annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) sought to answer the question — but reached different conclusions.
One study of THA patients taking semaglutide found fewer 90-day readmissions for diabetes and fewer prosthetic joint infections at the 2-year mark. Another found similar outcomes on the need for revision surgery, infections, and many other postsurgery metrics in people who took the GLP-1 receptor agonist and those who did not. Neither study had outside funding.
Study: Fewer Infections, Readmissions
For their study, Matthew Magruder, MD, a third-year orthopedic resident at Maimonides Medical Center’s Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation in New York City, and his colleagues used an administrative claim database (PearlDiver) to identify THA patients who underwent the surgery between January 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021, when semaglutide was approved for the treatment of diabetes but not yet for obesity. The researchers found 9465 patients who had had a primary THA, of whom 1653 had received a prescription for semaglutide.
In total, 84.9% of those on semaglutide had obesity, as did 85.2% of those not on the medication.
Dr. Magruder’s group looked at medical complications such as deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, hypoglycemia, and pulmonary embolism within 90 days of surgery, implant-related complications 2 years after the procedure, rates of readmission within 90 days of the procedure, length of stay in the hospital, and costs of care.
They found that patients taking semaglutide were less likely to be readmitted to the hospital within 90 days of THA (6.2% vs 8.8%; P <.01) and experienced fewer joint infections (1.6% vs 2.9%; P <.01). No significant differences were found in the other outcomes.
Among the potential concerns involving the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients undergoing surgery are their potential to cause hypoglycemia and the risk for aspiration during anesthesia. But those issues did not emerge in the analysis.
“We concluded that this was preliminary evidence that using semaglutide at the time of surgery was safe and potentially effective at reducing complications,” said Dr. Magruder, whose team published their findings in The Journal of Arthroplasty.
Study: Semaglutide Has No Effect on Postop Complications
In another study presented at the AAOS meeting, researchers found that rates of complications after THA were similar in patients with obesity who took semaglutide and those who did not. That information could be helpful for clinicians who have been reluctant to perform THA procedures in patients who also have had bariatric surgery, said Daniel E. Pereira, MD, a resident at Washington University in St. Louis and the first author of the study.
A recent retrospective review found that patients who had bariatric surgery have worse implant survivorship and higher rates of dislocation than do those with a naturally low or high body mass index (BMI).
Pereira and his colleagues used a national database, with deidentified patient records, originally finding 42,410 patients. After matching, they evaluated 616 in each cohort: those who took semaglutide and those who did not. The average age was 62.7 years; average BMI was 35.5.
Both groups had a similar risk for a range of complications including revision surgery, infection of the new joint and surgical site, opioid-related disorders, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and mortality.
“We didn’t observe anything significant [between groups] in terms of the complications,” said David Momtaz, MPH, a fourth-year medical student at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, who helped conduct the research.
Dr. Pereira said he hoped the results would end the hesitation he observes, partly due to a lack of research, among some physicians about prescribing semaglutide before THA in appropriate patients. “Our preliminary evidence suggests there is no need to withhold THA in patients who successfully lost weight on semaglutide,” he said.
Expert Perspective: Not Unexpected
Peter Hanson, MD, an orthopedic surgeon and orthopedic medical director at Sharp Grossmont Hospital in La Mesa, California, who specializes in hip and knee replacement, said he was unsurprised by the findings.
The patients he has observed on GLP-1 receptor agonists lose weight, he said, and a few even to the point of not needing a replacement. A recent study found that every 1% decrease in weight was associated with a 2% reduced risk for knee replacement in those with knee osteoarthritis or at risk for it, and every 1% drop in weight was associated with a 3% reduced risk for THA.
“I always advise my overweight patient to lose at least 30 pounds, even if their BMI is less than 40, like many in these studies,” Dr. Hanson said. If a patient’s doctor prescribes semaglutide or another GLP-1 receptor agonist, “I am very supportive, and we postpone surgery until the weight loss is maximized,” he added.
Drs. Magruder, Pereira, Momtaz, and Hanson have no disclosures.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
Obesity and diabetes increase the risk for complications following joint surgeries like total hip replacement, but can semaglutide and related drugs help?
The question has massive implications. More than 450,000 total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures are performed annually in the United States, with the number expected to grow to 850,000 by 2030. Obesity is the leading reason for the increase. Semaglutide and other glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists can lead to dramatic and rapid weight loss, in addition to controlling diabetes, so researchers have wondered if the medications might improve outcomes in patients undergoing joint surgery.
Two studies presented at the 2024 annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) sought to answer the question — but reached different conclusions.
One study of THA patients taking semaglutide found fewer 90-day readmissions for diabetes and fewer prosthetic joint infections at the 2-year mark. Another found similar outcomes on the need for revision surgery, infections, and many other postsurgery metrics in people who took the GLP-1 receptor agonist and those who did not. Neither study had outside funding.
Study: Fewer Infections, Readmissions
For their study, Matthew Magruder, MD, a third-year orthopedic resident at Maimonides Medical Center’s Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation in New York City, and his colleagues used an administrative claim database (PearlDiver) to identify THA patients who underwent the surgery between January 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021, when semaglutide was approved for the treatment of diabetes but not yet for obesity. The researchers found 9465 patients who had had a primary THA, of whom 1653 had received a prescription for semaglutide.
In total, 84.9% of those on semaglutide had obesity, as did 85.2% of those not on the medication.
Dr. Magruder’s group looked at medical complications such as deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, hypoglycemia, and pulmonary embolism within 90 days of surgery, implant-related complications 2 years after the procedure, rates of readmission within 90 days of the procedure, length of stay in the hospital, and costs of care.
They found that patients taking semaglutide were less likely to be readmitted to the hospital within 90 days of THA (6.2% vs 8.8%; P <.01) and experienced fewer joint infections (1.6% vs 2.9%; P <.01). No significant differences were found in the other outcomes.
Among the potential concerns involving the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients undergoing surgery are their potential to cause hypoglycemia and the risk for aspiration during anesthesia. But those issues did not emerge in the analysis.
“We concluded that this was preliminary evidence that using semaglutide at the time of surgery was safe and potentially effective at reducing complications,” said Dr. Magruder, whose team published their findings in The Journal of Arthroplasty.
Study: Semaglutide Has No Effect on Postop Complications
In another study presented at the AAOS meeting, researchers found that rates of complications after THA were similar in patients with obesity who took semaglutide and those who did not. That information could be helpful for clinicians who have been reluctant to perform THA procedures in patients who also have had bariatric surgery, said Daniel E. Pereira, MD, a resident at Washington University in St. Louis and the first author of the study.
A recent retrospective review found that patients who had bariatric surgery have worse implant survivorship and higher rates of dislocation than do those with a naturally low or high body mass index (BMI).
Pereira and his colleagues used a national database, with deidentified patient records, originally finding 42,410 patients. After matching, they evaluated 616 in each cohort: those who took semaglutide and those who did not. The average age was 62.7 years; average BMI was 35.5.
Both groups had a similar risk for a range of complications including revision surgery, infection of the new joint and surgical site, opioid-related disorders, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and mortality.
“We didn’t observe anything significant [between groups] in terms of the complications,” said David Momtaz, MPH, a fourth-year medical student at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, who helped conduct the research.
Dr. Pereira said he hoped the results would end the hesitation he observes, partly due to a lack of research, among some physicians about prescribing semaglutide before THA in appropriate patients. “Our preliminary evidence suggests there is no need to withhold THA in patients who successfully lost weight on semaglutide,” he said.
Expert Perspective: Not Unexpected
Peter Hanson, MD, an orthopedic surgeon and orthopedic medical director at Sharp Grossmont Hospital in La Mesa, California, who specializes in hip and knee replacement, said he was unsurprised by the findings.
The patients he has observed on GLP-1 receptor agonists lose weight, he said, and a few even to the point of not needing a replacement. A recent study found that every 1% decrease in weight was associated with a 2% reduced risk for knee replacement in those with knee osteoarthritis or at risk for it, and every 1% drop in weight was associated with a 3% reduced risk for THA.
“I always advise my overweight patient to lose at least 30 pounds, even if their BMI is less than 40, like many in these studies,” Dr. Hanson said. If a patient’s doctor prescribes semaglutide or another GLP-1 receptor agonist, “I am very supportive, and we postpone surgery until the weight loss is maximized,” he added.
Drs. Magruder, Pereira, Momtaz, and Hanson have no disclosures.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
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All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, copied, or otherwise reproduced or distributed without the prior written permission of Frontline Medical Communications Inc.</copyrightNotice> </rightsInfo> </provider> <abstract/> <metaDescription>Obesity and diabetes increase the risk for complications following joint surgeries like total hip replacement, but can semaglutide and related drugs help?</metaDescription> <articlePDF/> <teaserImage/> <teaser>Two new studies looked at the effects of the weight-loss drugs on rates of complications after hip replacement procedures. The results were mixed.</teaser> <title>Are There Benefits to Taking GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Before Joint Surgery?</title> <deck/> <disclaimer/> <AuthorList/> <articleURL/> <doi/> <pubMedID/> <publishXMLStatus/> <publishXMLVersion>1</publishXMLVersion> <useEISSN>0</useEISSN> <urgency/> <pubPubdateYear/> <pubPubdateMonth/> <pubPubdateDay/> <pubVolume/> <pubNumber/> <wireChannels/> <primaryCMSID/> <CMSIDs/> <keywords/> <seeAlsos/> <publications_g> <publicationData> <publicationCode>rn</publicationCode> <pubIssueName/> <pubArticleType/> <pubTopics/> <pubCategories/> <pubSections/> </publicationData> <publicationData> <publicationCode>mdsurg</publicationCode> <pubIssueName/> <pubArticleType/> <pubTopics/> <pubCategories/> <pubSections/> <journalTitle/> <journalFullTitle/> <copyrightStatement>2018 Frontline Medical Communications Inc.,</copyrightStatement> </publicationData> <publicationData> <publicationCode>im</publicationCode> <pubIssueName/> <pubArticleType/> <pubTopics/> <pubCategories/> <pubSections/> </publicationData> <publicationData> <publicationCode>fp</publicationCode> <pubIssueName/> <pubArticleType/> <pubTopics/> <pubCategories/> <pubSections/> </publicationData> </publications_g> <publications> <term canonical="true">26</term> <term>52226</term> <term>21</term> <term>15</term> </publications> <sections> <term canonical="true">53</term> <term>39313</term> </sections> <topics> <term>265</term> <term canonical="true">264</term> <term>227</term> <term>290</term> <term>252</term> </topics> <links/> </header> <itemSet> <newsItem> <itemMeta> <itemRole>Main</itemRole> <itemClass>text</itemClass> <title>Are There Benefits to Taking GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Before Joint Surgery?</title> <deck/> </itemMeta> <itemContent> <p>Obesity and diabetes increase the risk for complications following joint surgeries like total hip replacement, but can semaglutide and related drugs help?</p> <p>The question has massive implications. More than <span class="Hyperlink"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30988126/">450,000</a></span> total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures are performed annually in the United States, with the number expected to grow to <span class="Hyperlink"><a href="https://www.arthroplastyjournal.org/article/S0883-5403(23)01239-1/fulltext">850,000</a></span> by 2030. Obesity is the leading reason for the increase. Semaglutide and other glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists can lead to dramatic and rapid weight loss, in addition to controlling diabetes, so researchers have wondered if the medications might improve outcomes in patients undergoing joint surgery. <br/><br/>Two studies presented at the 2024 annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) sought to answer the question — but reached different conclusions. <br/><br/>One study of THA patients taking semaglutide found fewer 90-day readmissions for diabetes and fewer prosthetic joint infections at the 2-year mark. Another found similar outcomes on the need for revision surgery, infections, and many other postsurgery metrics in people who took the GLP-1 receptor agonist and those who did not. Neither study had outside funding.<br/><br/></p> <h2>Study: Fewer Infections, Readmissions</h2> <p>For their study, Matthew Magruder, MD, a third-year orthopedic resident at Maimonides Medical Center’s Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation in New York City, and his colleagues used an administrative claim database (PearlDiver) to identify THA patients who underwent the surgery between January 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021, when semaglutide was approved for the treatment of diabetes but not yet for obesity. The researchers found 9465 patients who had had a primary THA, of whom 1653 had received a prescription for semaglutide.</p> <p>In total, 84.9% of those on semaglutide had obesity, as did 85.2% of those not on the medication.<br/><br/>Dr. Magruder’s group looked at medical complications such as deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, hypoglycemia, and pulmonary embolism within 90 days of surgery, implant-related complications 2 years after the procedure, rates of readmission within 90 days of the procedure, length of stay in the hospital, and costs of care. <br/><br/>They found that patients taking semaglutide were less likely to be readmitted to the hospital within 90 days of THA (6.2% vs 8.8%; <em>P</em> <.01) and experienced fewer joint infections (1.6% vs 2.9%; <em>P</em> <.01). No significant differences were found in the other outcomes.<br/><br/>Among the potential concerns involving the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients undergoing surgery are their potential to cause <span class="Hyperlink"><a href="https://www.novomedlink.com/obesity/products/treatments/wegovy/efficacy-safety/adverse-reactions.html">hypoglycemia</a></span> and the <span class="Hyperlink"><a href="https://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/2023/11000/emerging_anesthesia_risks_with_semaglutide.59.aspx">risk for aspiration</a></span> during anesthesia. But those issues did not emerge in the analysis.<br/><br/>“We concluded that this was preliminary evidence that using semaglutide at the time of surgery was safe and potentially effective at reducing complications,” said Dr. Magruder, whose team <span class="Hyperlink"><a href="https://www.arthroplastyjournal.org/article/S0883-5403(23)01239-1/abstract">published their findings</a></span> in <span class="Hyperlink"><i>The Journal of Arthroplasty</i></span><span class="Hyperlink">.<br/><br/></span></p> <h2>Study: Semaglutide Has No Effect on Postop Complications</h2> <p>In another study presented at the AAOS meeting, researchers found that rates of complications after THA were similar in patients with obesity who took semaglutide and those who did not. That information could be helpful for clinicians who have been reluctant to perform THA procedures in patients who also have had bariatric surgery, said Daniel E. Pereira, MD, a resident at Washington University in St. Louis and the first author of the study.</p> <p>A recent retrospective review found that patients who had <span class="Hyperlink"><a href="https://www.arthroplastyjournal.org/article/S0883-5403(22)00101-2/pdf">bariatric surgery</a></span> have worse implant survivorship and higher rates of dislocation than do those with a naturally low or high body mass index (BMI). <br/><br/>Pereira and his colleagues used a national database, with deidentified patient records, originally finding 42,410 patients. After matching, they evaluated 616 in each cohort: those who took semaglutide and those who did not. The average age was 62.7 years; average BMI was 35.5. <br/><br/>Both groups had a similar risk for a range of complications including revision surgery, infection of the new joint and surgical site, opioid-related disorders, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and mortality. <br/><br/>“We didn’t observe anything significant [between groups] in terms of the complications,” said David Momtaz, MPH, a fourth-year medical student at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, who helped conduct the research. <br/><br/>Dr. Pereira said he hoped the results would end the hesitation he observes, partly due to a lack of research, among some physicians about prescribing semaglutide before THA in appropriate patients. “Our preliminary evidence suggests there is no need to withhold THA in patients who successfully lost weight on semaglutide,” he said.<br/><br/></p> <h2>Expert Perspective: Not Unexpected</h2> <p>Peter Hanson, MD, an orthopedic surgeon and orthopedic medical director at Sharp Grossmont Hospital in La Mesa, California, who specializes in hip and knee replacement, said he was unsurprised by the findings. </p> <p>The patients he has observed on GLP-1 receptor agonists lose weight, he said, and a few even to the point of not needing a replacement. A recent <span class="Hyperlink"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41366-021-01046-3">study</a></span> found that every 1% decrease in weight was associated with a 2% reduced risk for knee replacement in those with knee osteoarthritis or at risk for it, and every 1% drop in weight was associated with a 3% reduced risk for THA.<br/><br/>“I always advise my overweight patient to lose at least 30 pounds, even if their BMI is less than 40, like many in these studies,” Dr. Hanson said. If a patient’s doctor prescribes semaglutide or another GLP-1 receptor agonist, “I am very supportive, and we postpone surgery until the weight loss is maximized,” he added.<br/><br/>Drs. Magruder, Pereira, Momtaz, and Hanson have no disclosures.<span class="end"/></p> <p> <em>A version of this article appeared on <span class="Hyperlink"><a href="https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/glp-1s-before-joint-surgery-any-benefit-2024a100032j">Medscape.com</a></span>.</em> </p> </itemContent> </newsItem> <newsItem> <itemMeta> <itemRole>teaser</itemRole> <itemClass>text</itemClass> <title/> <deck/> </itemMeta> <itemContent> </itemContent> </newsItem> </itemSet></root>
FROM AAOS 2024