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When I worked as a scribe prior to starting medical school, it was commonplace for patients to have fasting labs. I always felt terrible for the patients we saw late in the afternoon that had somehow fasted all day. For many other patients, there was the challenge of finding a time when they could return to have fasting labs drawn.
However, I have still observed instances when patients need to have fasting labs. We can look at an example case to better understand when and why patients do and do not need to fast prior to having their lipids checked.
Case
A 57-year-old woman presents for an annual wellness visit. She has been healthy this past year with no new concerns. Her blood pressure has been well controlled, and she continues on a statin for hyperlipidemia. She is due for annual labs. She ate breakfast this morning. Which of the following do you recommend?
A. Obtain lipids with her other blood work now.
B. Have her return tomorrow to obtain fasting labs.
In this situation, A is the correct answer. The patient is due for routine screening labs and there are no current indications that fasting labs are necessary.
Studies of fasting vs. nonfasting lipids
Sidhu and Naugler performed a cross-sectional analysis comparing lipid values at fasting intervals of 1 hour to 16 hours.1 They found the mean total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol values differed by greater than 2%. For LDL cholesterol, the values differed by less than 10% and triglycerides values differed by less than 20%. With this information, the researchers concluded fasting for routine lipids is generally unnecessary.
Mora and colleagues performed a post hoc prospective follow-up of a randomized control
trial to assess if nonfasting lipid measurements could cause misclassification of cardiovascular risk assessment.2 Based on 8,270 participants, coronary events associated with fasting vs. nonfasting lipid values were similar when adjusted hazard ratios were compared. They also found an agreement of 94.8% when classifying participants into ASCVD risk categories for fasting and nonfasting lipid values. These outcomes led them to support the use of nonfasting lipid labs for routine cardiovascular risk assessment.
Rahman and colleagues performed a systematic review and found the use of nonfasting lipid values can reliably determine statin management in most situations.3 Circumstances where fasting labs should be used are if patients have a genetic dyslipidemia, if patients have severe hypertriglyceridemia (greater than 500 mg/dL), and if patients have pancreatitis. Triglyceride values fluctuate the most between the fasting and nonfasting state as seen above from Sidhu and Naugler. This could impact triglyceride disorder management and the accuracy of LDL cholesterol estimation (calculated by the Friedewald equation: LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol – HDL cholesterol – triglycerides/5 in mg/dL).3
Benefits of nonfasting lipid labs
There are many benefits of nonfasting labs. For the patients, they do not have to come to their appointments hungry, we can reduce the risk of hypoglycemia for those with diabetes, and they do not have to come back at a later date if they ate something earlier in the day.
For the lab, we can improve efficiency and decrease early morning congestion when patients typically come in for fasting labs.
Lastly, for the provider, nonfasting labs can improve workflow and help decrease the number of patients lost to follow-up who were unable to complete fasting labs the same day as their appointment.
Summary
Patients do not need to fast prior to having lipid levels drawn for routine screening. Fasting labs should be considered for patients who have a genetic dyslipidemia or if there is concern for hypertriglyceridemia.
Per the ACC/AHA guidelines, nonfasting lipids can be used to assess ASCVD risk and to establish a baseline LDL cholesterol in adults 20 years and older. If a patient has nonfasting triglycerides greater than 400 mg/dL, repeat fasting lipids should be drawn to assess fasting triglycerides and to establish a baseline LDL cholesterol.4
Ms. Ervin is a fourth-year medical student at the University of Washington, Seattle. She has no conflicts to disclose. Dr. Paauw is professor of medicine in the division of general internal medicine at the University of Washington, and he serves as third-year medical student clerkship director at the university. He is a member of the editorial advisory board of Internal Medicine News. Dr. Paauw has no conflicts to disclose. Contact him at imnews@mdedge.com.
References
1. Rahman F et al. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2018;20(3):14. Published 2018 Feb 17.
2. Mora S et al. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(7):898-905.
3. Sidhu D and Naugler C. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(22):1707-10.
4. Hoover LE. Am Fam Physician. 2019 May 1;99(9):589-91.
When I worked as a scribe prior to starting medical school, it was commonplace for patients to have fasting labs. I always felt terrible for the patients we saw late in the afternoon that had somehow fasted all day. For many other patients, there was the challenge of finding a time when they could return to have fasting labs drawn.
However, I have still observed instances when patients need to have fasting labs. We can look at an example case to better understand when and why patients do and do not need to fast prior to having their lipids checked.
Case
A 57-year-old woman presents for an annual wellness visit. She has been healthy this past year with no new concerns. Her blood pressure has been well controlled, and she continues on a statin for hyperlipidemia. She is due for annual labs. She ate breakfast this morning. Which of the following do you recommend?
A. Obtain lipids with her other blood work now.
B. Have her return tomorrow to obtain fasting labs.
In this situation, A is the correct answer. The patient is due for routine screening labs and there are no current indications that fasting labs are necessary.
Studies of fasting vs. nonfasting lipids
Sidhu and Naugler performed a cross-sectional analysis comparing lipid values at fasting intervals of 1 hour to 16 hours.1 They found the mean total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol values differed by greater than 2%. For LDL cholesterol, the values differed by less than 10% and triglycerides values differed by less than 20%. With this information, the researchers concluded fasting for routine lipids is generally unnecessary.
Mora and colleagues performed a post hoc prospective follow-up of a randomized control
trial to assess if nonfasting lipid measurements could cause misclassification of cardiovascular risk assessment.2 Based on 8,270 participants, coronary events associated with fasting vs. nonfasting lipid values were similar when adjusted hazard ratios were compared. They also found an agreement of 94.8% when classifying participants into ASCVD risk categories for fasting and nonfasting lipid values. These outcomes led them to support the use of nonfasting lipid labs for routine cardiovascular risk assessment.
Rahman and colleagues performed a systematic review and found the use of nonfasting lipid values can reliably determine statin management in most situations.3 Circumstances where fasting labs should be used are if patients have a genetic dyslipidemia, if patients have severe hypertriglyceridemia (greater than 500 mg/dL), and if patients have pancreatitis. Triglyceride values fluctuate the most between the fasting and nonfasting state as seen above from Sidhu and Naugler. This could impact triglyceride disorder management and the accuracy of LDL cholesterol estimation (calculated by the Friedewald equation: LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol – HDL cholesterol – triglycerides/5 in mg/dL).3
Benefits of nonfasting lipid labs
There are many benefits of nonfasting labs. For the patients, they do not have to come to their appointments hungry, we can reduce the risk of hypoglycemia for those with diabetes, and they do not have to come back at a later date if they ate something earlier in the day.
For the lab, we can improve efficiency and decrease early morning congestion when patients typically come in for fasting labs.
Lastly, for the provider, nonfasting labs can improve workflow and help decrease the number of patients lost to follow-up who were unable to complete fasting labs the same day as their appointment.
Summary
Patients do not need to fast prior to having lipid levels drawn for routine screening. Fasting labs should be considered for patients who have a genetic dyslipidemia or if there is concern for hypertriglyceridemia.
Per the ACC/AHA guidelines, nonfasting lipids can be used to assess ASCVD risk and to establish a baseline LDL cholesterol in adults 20 years and older. If a patient has nonfasting triglycerides greater than 400 mg/dL, repeat fasting lipids should be drawn to assess fasting triglycerides and to establish a baseline LDL cholesterol.4
Ms. Ervin is a fourth-year medical student at the University of Washington, Seattle. She has no conflicts to disclose. Dr. Paauw is professor of medicine in the division of general internal medicine at the University of Washington, and he serves as third-year medical student clerkship director at the university. He is a member of the editorial advisory board of Internal Medicine News. Dr. Paauw has no conflicts to disclose. Contact him at imnews@mdedge.com.
References
1. Rahman F et al. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2018;20(3):14. Published 2018 Feb 17.
2. Mora S et al. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(7):898-905.
3. Sidhu D and Naugler C. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(22):1707-10.
4. Hoover LE. Am Fam Physician. 2019 May 1;99(9):589-91.
When I worked as a scribe prior to starting medical school, it was commonplace for patients to have fasting labs. I always felt terrible for the patients we saw late in the afternoon that had somehow fasted all day. For many other patients, there was the challenge of finding a time when they could return to have fasting labs drawn.
However, I have still observed instances when patients need to have fasting labs. We can look at an example case to better understand when and why patients do and do not need to fast prior to having their lipids checked.
Case
A 57-year-old woman presents for an annual wellness visit. She has been healthy this past year with no new concerns. Her blood pressure has been well controlled, and she continues on a statin for hyperlipidemia. She is due for annual labs. She ate breakfast this morning. Which of the following do you recommend?
A. Obtain lipids with her other blood work now.
B. Have her return tomorrow to obtain fasting labs.
In this situation, A is the correct answer. The patient is due for routine screening labs and there are no current indications that fasting labs are necessary.
Studies of fasting vs. nonfasting lipids
Sidhu and Naugler performed a cross-sectional analysis comparing lipid values at fasting intervals of 1 hour to 16 hours.1 They found the mean total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol values differed by greater than 2%. For LDL cholesterol, the values differed by less than 10% and triglycerides values differed by less than 20%. With this information, the researchers concluded fasting for routine lipids is generally unnecessary.
Mora and colleagues performed a post hoc prospective follow-up of a randomized control
trial to assess if nonfasting lipid measurements could cause misclassification of cardiovascular risk assessment.2 Based on 8,270 participants, coronary events associated with fasting vs. nonfasting lipid values were similar when adjusted hazard ratios were compared. They also found an agreement of 94.8% when classifying participants into ASCVD risk categories for fasting and nonfasting lipid values. These outcomes led them to support the use of nonfasting lipid labs for routine cardiovascular risk assessment.
Rahman and colleagues performed a systematic review and found the use of nonfasting lipid values can reliably determine statin management in most situations.3 Circumstances where fasting labs should be used are if patients have a genetic dyslipidemia, if patients have severe hypertriglyceridemia (greater than 500 mg/dL), and if patients have pancreatitis. Triglyceride values fluctuate the most between the fasting and nonfasting state as seen above from Sidhu and Naugler. This could impact triglyceride disorder management and the accuracy of LDL cholesterol estimation (calculated by the Friedewald equation: LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol – HDL cholesterol – triglycerides/5 in mg/dL).3
Benefits of nonfasting lipid labs
There are many benefits of nonfasting labs. For the patients, they do not have to come to their appointments hungry, we can reduce the risk of hypoglycemia for those with diabetes, and they do not have to come back at a later date if they ate something earlier in the day.
For the lab, we can improve efficiency and decrease early morning congestion when patients typically come in for fasting labs.
Lastly, for the provider, nonfasting labs can improve workflow and help decrease the number of patients lost to follow-up who were unable to complete fasting labs the same day as their appointment.
Summary
Patients do not need to fast prior to having lipid levels drawn for routine screening. Fasting labs should be considered for patients who have a genetic dyslipidemia or if there is concern for hypertriglyceridemia.
Per the ACC/AHA guidelines, nonfasting lipids can be used to assess ASCVD risk and to establish a baseline LDL cholesterol in adults 20 years and older. If a patient has nonfasting triglycerides greater than 400 mg/dL, repeat fasting lipids should be drawn to assess fasting triglycerides and to establish a baseline LDL cholesterol.4
Ms. Ervin is a fourth-year medical student at the University of Washington, Seattle. She has no conflicts to disclose. Dr. Paauw is professor of medicine in the division of general internal medicine at the University of Washington, and he serves as third-year medical student clerkship director at the university. He is a member of the editorial advisory board of Internal Medicine News. Dr. Paauw has no conflicts to disclose. Contact him at imnews@mdedge.com.
References
1. Rahman F et al. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2018;20(3):14. Published 2018 Feb 17.
2. Mora S et al. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(7):898-905.
3. Sidhu D and Naugler C. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(22):1707-10.
4. Hoover LE. Am Fam Physician. 2019 May 1;99(9):589-91.
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PAAUW, MD</bylineFull> <bylineTitleText/> <USOrGlobal/> <wireDocType/> <newsDocType>Column</newsDocType> <journalDocType/> <linkLabel/> <pageRange/> <citation/> <quizID/> <indexIssueDate/> <itemClass qcode="ninat:text"/> <provider qcode="provider:imng"> <name>IMNG Medical Media</name> <rightsInfo> <copyrightHolder> <name>Frontline Medical News</name> </copyrightHolder> <copyrightNotice>Copyright (c) 2015 Frontline Medical News, a Frontline Medical Communications Inc. company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, copied, or otherwise reproduced or distributed without the prior written permission of Frontline Medical Communications Inc.</copyrightNotice> </rightsInfo> </provider> <abstract/> <metaDescription>While in medical school, I have seen the transition of my preceptors’ recommendations, where it seems patients can now have nonfasting labs.</metaDescription> <articlePDF/> <teaserImage>289532</teaserImage> <teaser>There are instances when patients need to have fasting labs.</teaser> <title>Do lipid labs need to be fasting?</title> <deck/> <disclaimer/> <AuthorList/> <articleURL/> <doi/> <pubMedID/> <publishXMLStatus/> <publishXMLVersion>1</publishXMLVersion> <useEISSN>0</useEISSN> <urgency/> <pubPubdateYear/> <pubPubdateMonth/> <pubPubdateDay/> <pubVolume/> <pubNumber/> <wireChannels/> <primaryCMSID/> <CMSIDs/> <keywords/> <seeAlsos/> <publications_g> <publicationData> <publicationCode>im</publicationCode> <pubIssueName/> <pubArticleType/> <pubTopics/> <pubCategories/> <pubSections/> </publicationData> <publicationData> <publicationCode>fp</publicationCode> <pubIssueName/> <pubArticleType/> <pubTopics/> <pubCategories/> <pubSections/> </publicationData> <publicationData> <publicationCode>card</publicationCode> <pubIssueName/> <pubArticleType/> <pubTopics/> <pubCategories/> <pubSections/> </publicationData> </publications_g> <publications> <term canonical="true">21</term> <term>15</term> <term>5</term> </publications> <sections> <term canonical="true">28225</term> <term>52</term> <term>41022</term> </sections> <topics> <term canonical="true">280</term> <term>194</term> <term>239</term> </topics> <links> <link> <itemClass qcode="ninat:picture"/> <altRep contenttype="image/jpeg">images/240112c7.jpg</altRep> <description role="drol:caption">Kendall Ervin</description> <description role="drol:credit"/> </link> <link> <itemClass qcode="ninat:picture"/> <altRep contenttype="image/jpeg">images/2400c6be.jpg</altRep> <description role="drol:caption">Dr. Douglas S. Paauw</description> <description role="drol:credit"/> </link> </links> </header> <itemSet> <newsItem> <itemMeta> <itemRole>Main</itemRole> <itemClass>text</itemClass> <title>Do lipid labs need to be fasting?</title> <deck/> </itemMeta> <itemContent> <p>When I worked as a scribe prior to starting medical school, it was commonplace for patients to have fasting labs. I always felt terrible for the patients we saw late in the afternoon that had somehow fasted all day. For many other patients, there was the challenge of finding a time when they could return to have fasting labs drawn. </p> <p><span class="tag metaDescription">While in medical school, I have seen the transition of my preceptors’ recommendations, where it seems patients can now have nonfasting labs.</span> However, I have still observed instances when patients need to have fasting labs. We can look at an example case to better understand when and why patients do and do not need to fast prior to having their lipids checked. [[{"fid":"289532","view_mode":"medstat_image_flush_right","fields":{"format":"medstat_image_flush_right","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Kendall Ervin, fourth-year medical student at the University of Washington, Seattle","field_file_image_credit[und][0][value]":"","field_file_image_caption[und][0][value]":"Kendall Ervin"},"type":"media","attributes":{"class":"media-element file-medstat_image_flush_right"}}]]<br/><br/></p> <h2>Case</h2> <p>A 57-year-old woman presents for an annual wellness visit. She has been healthy this past year with no new concerns. Her blood pressure has been well controlled, and she continues on a statin for hyperlipidemia. She is due for annual labs. She ate breakfast this morning. Which of the following do you recommend?<br/><br/>A. Obtain lipids with her other blood work now.<br/><br/>B. Have her return tomorrow to obtain fasting labs.<br/><br/>In this situation, A is the correct answer. The patient is due for routine screening labs and there are no current indications that fasting labs are necessary.</p> <h2>Studies of fasting vs. nonfasting lipids</h2> <p>Sidhu and Naugler performed a cross-sectional analysis comparing lipid values at fasting intervals of 1 hour to 16 hours.<sup>1</sup> They found the mean total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol values differed by greater than 2%. For LDL cholesterol, the values differed by less than 10% and triglycerides values differed by less than 20%. With this information, the researchers concluded fasting for routine lipids is generally unnecessary. </p> <p>Mora and colleagues performed a post hoc prospective follow-up of a randomized control [[{"fid":"248251","view_mode":"medstat_image_flush_right","fields":{"format":"medstat_image_flush_right","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Dr. Douglas S. Paauw, University of Washington, Seattle","field_file_image_credit[und][0][value]":"","field_file_image_caption[und][0][value]":"Dr. Douglas S. Paauw"},"type":"media","attributes":{"class":"media-element file-medstat_image_flush_right"}}]]trial to assess if nonfasting lipid measurements could cause misclassification of cardiovascular risk assessment.<sup>2</sup> Based on 8,270 participants, coronary events associated with fasting vs. nonfasting lipid values were similar when adjusted hazard ratios were compared. They also found an agreement of 94.8% when classifying participants into ASCVD risk categories for fasting and nonfasting lipid values. These outcomes led them to support the use of nonfasting lipid labs for routine cardiovascular risk assessment.<br/><br/>Rahman and colleagues performed a systematic review and found the use of nonfasting lipid values can reliably determine statin management in most situations.<sup>3</sup> Circumstances where fasting labs should be used are if patients have a genetic dyslipidemia, if patients have severe hypertriglyceridemia (greater than 500 mg/dL), and if patients have pancreatitis. Triglyceride values fluctuate the most between the fasting and nonfasting state as seen above from Sidhu and Naugler. This could impact triglyceride disorder management and the accuracy of LDL cholesterol estimation (calculated by the Friedewald equation: LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol – HDL cholesterol – triglycerides/5 in mg/dL).<sup>3</sup></p> <h2>Benefits of nonfasting lipid labs</h2> <p>There are many benefits of nonfasting labs. For the patients, they do not have to come to their appointments hungry, we can reduce the risk of hypoglycemia for those with diabetes, and they do not have come back at a later date if they ate something earlier in the day. </p> <p>For the lab, we can improve efficiency and decrease early morning congestion when patients typically come in for fasting labs. <br/><br/>Lastly, for the provider, nonfasting labs can improve workflow and help decrease the number of patients lost to follow-up who were unable to complete fasting labs the same day as their appointment. <br/><br/></p> <h2>Summary</h2> <p>Patients do not need to fast prior to having lipid levels drawn for routine screening. Fasting labs should be considered for patients who have a genetic dyslipidemia or if there is concern for hypertriglyceridemia. </p> <p>Per the ACC/AHA guidelines, nonfasting lipids can be used to assess ASCVD risk and to establish a baseline LDL cholesterol in adults 20 years and older. If a patient has nonfasting triglycerides greater than 400 mg/dL, repeat fasting lipids should be drawn to assess fasting triglycerides and to establish a baseline LDL cholesterol.<sup>4</sup> <br/><br/></p> <p> <em>Ms. Ervin is a fourth-year medical student at the University of Washington, Seattle. She has no conflicts to disclose. Dr. Paauw is professor of medicine in the division of general internal medicine at the University of Washington, and he serves as third-year medical student clerkship director at the university. He is a member of the editorial advisory board of Internal Medicine News. Dr. Paauw has no conflicts to disclose. Contact him at <span class="Hyperlink"><a href="mailto:imnews%40mdedge.com?subject=">imnews@mdedge.com</a></span>.</em> </p> <h2>References</h2> <p>1. Rahman F et al. <span class="Hyperlink"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29455255/">Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2018;20(3):14</a></span>. Published 2018 Feb 17.<br/><br/>2. Mora S et al. <span class="Hyperlink"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31135812/">JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(7):898-905</a></span>.<br/><br/>3. Sidhu D and Naugler C. <span class="Hyperlink"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23147400/">Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(22):1707-10</a></span>.<br/><br/>4. Hoover LE. <span class="Hyperlink"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31038893/">Am Fam Physician. 2019 May 1;99(9):589-91</a></span>.</p> </itemContent> </newsItem> <newsItem> <itemMeta> <itemRole>teaser</itemRole> <itemClass>text</itemClass> <title/> <deck/> </itemMeta> <itemContent> </itemContent> </newsItem> </itemSet></root>
