10 ways docs sabotage their patients’ weight loss journeys

Are there medical conditions other than obesity where physicians, if even inadvertently, regularly sabotage their patients’ efforts at managing them? Because for patients with obesity, their physicians, sometimes even before they walk into the examining room to meet them, do and say things that may quash their weight loss efforts.

No doubt this list will be nonexhaustive, but here are what I see as the top 10 ways doctors sabotage their patients’ weight loss journeys.

• 1. Having an office that is anxiety provoking, exclusionary, and/or fat phobic for people with obesity, which in turn may remove trust and preclude conversation. Examples of this would be offices without chairs in the waiting room that are suitable for people with obesity; with reading materials such as glossy magazines like Men’s Health and Shape, glorifying unhealthy dieting and body ideals; or where the scale is in a nonprivate area or has a very narrow platform, or maxes out at a weight lower than many patients’.
• 2. Not taking an actual history. Meaning, physicians regularly launch into a “you should really lose weight” speech without exploring a patient’s history of weight loss and social determinants of health. In some cases, that patient may have a history of disordered eating or body dysmorphia, and then this discussion needs to be approached carefully with those facts underwriting its tenor and direction. In other cases, patients’ social determinants of health would make intentional behavior change efforts in the name of weight management an impossible luxury. And sometimes that same patient may in fact be maintaining a clinically meaningful weight loss from their peak weight already. In all cases, not speaking with your patients and instead speaking at your patients will not increase their likelihood to trust or follow or seek your advice.
• 3. Pushing useless diet advice. The most common and most useless are some variation on needing to just eat less and move more. That’s about as useful as telling someone that making money requires them to buy low and sell high. Or telling someone with depression that they should just cheer up and look at the bright side of things.
• 4. Pushing specific diet advice (intermittent fasting, keto, low carb, vegan, low fat, whatever) as if it’s the only way or the best way to lose weight. The research is clear: There is no one best dietary approach, and one person’s best diet is another person’s worst. Yet, some clinicians are themselves diet zealots and preach one diet over all others. Of course, many of their patients may well have already tried that approach, while others won’t enjoy it, and so promoting it above all others will fail a great many people.
• 5. Refusing to prescribe medications to patients who meet the clinical criteria for use, especially now that there are truly effective and useful medications. Do these same clinicians refuse to prescribe antihypertensives or oral hypoglycemics to patients whose blood pressures or blood sugars are risking their health? Related would be those clinicians who don’t bother to learn enough about pharmaceutical options for obesity to feel comfortable prescribing them. This, despite the fact that statistically, well over 30% of their patients have obesity, and polls suggest that at least half of those embark on weight loss efforts annually. If a patient meets clinical criteria for a medication’s approved indication and a doctor won’t prescribe it because of their personal beliefs, in my opinion that’s grounds for a regulatory complaint.
• 6. Fearmongering around medications regarding adverse or unknown effects. The media’s coverage of new antiobesity medications is alarmist, to say the least, and for reasons I can’t fathom, given how well tolerated these medications are when dose titration is slow, monitored, and adjusted appropriately. Many physicians are not only buying into media narratives but are also spreading them.
• 7. Stopping medications for obesity when weight is lost. Do you also stop blood pressure medications when they normalize a patient’s blood pressure? Chronic conditions require ongoing long-term treatment. And yet I hear about this in my practice regularly.
• 8. Prescribing medications that cause weight gain rather than alternatives that don’t, or without discussion of same, or without the concomitant prescription of medication to counter it. From atypical antipsychotics to antidepressants to certain antiseizure medications to some blood pressure medications, there are those that have been shown to lead to, at times, dramatic weight gain. Yet, physicians will still regularly prescribe them to patients with obesity without first trying patients on available alternatives that don’t lead to weight gain, or without at least monitoring and then considering the prescription of an antiobesity medication to try to mitigate iatrogenic gain.
• 9. Setting ridiculous and unrealistic weight loss goals with patients. Without medication, the average person may lose 10% of their weight with purely behavioral efforts, 15%-20% with the addition of medications to those behavioral efforts, and 30% with the addition of bariatric surgery to their behavioral efforts. So why do so many physicians suggest goals that greatly exceed those averages? Imagine being committed to learning to run and having your running coach tell you at your training outset that your goal is to run a marathon within a Boston Marathon qualifying time. The goal should be whatever weight a person reaches living the healthiest life that they can honestly enjoy, not the Boston Marathon of weight loss.
• 10. Not discussing all options with all patients. Yes, food and fitness levers can affect weight, but that doesn’t mean that patients who meet the medical criteria for antiobesity medication or bariatric surgery shouldn’t be informed of their options. Our job as physicians is to fully inform our patients about the risks and benefits of all treatment options and then to support our patients’ decisions as to what option they want to pursue (including none, by the way). Our job is not to exclude discussion of proven and available options because our weight biases see us personally not believing in them – or worse, thinking that patients haven’t tried food and fitness umpteen times before, and that we require them to fail those efforts yet again before we stop gatekeeping their access to effective adjunctive therapeutic interventions.

Until recently, underwriting weight bias in medicine has been the dearth of effective treatments which in turn probably contributed to the overall lack of education for physicians in obesity management despite its extremely high prevalence. The times, though, are definitely a-changin’. Consequent to these new generations of medications rapidly coming online, by necessity we will see improvements in medical education around obesity management. Meanwhile, their efficacy will help dispel the bias that underlies much of this list. A decade or 2 from now, we will see obesity treated as we do every other chronic noncommunicable disease with lifestyle levers – with patient-centered care free from judgment and blame, and with a myriad of therapeutic options that physicians objectively, not subjectively, inform and prescribe to their patients.

Dr. Freedhoff is associate professor, department of family medicine, University of Ottawa, and medical director, Bariatric Medical Institute, also in Ottawa. He reported conflicts of interest with Constant Health and Novo Nordisk.

A version of this article first appeared on Medscape.com.