Best uses of osteopathic manipulation

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Applied Evidence

Best uses of osteopathic manipulation

J Fam Pract. 2017 December;66(12):743-747

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References

1. American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine. What is osteopathic medicine? Available at: https://www.aacom.org/become-a-doctor/about-om. Accessed July 10, 2017.

2. Barnes PM, Bloom B, Nahin RL. Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007. Natl Health Stat Report. 2008;12:1-23. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19361005. Accessed November 10, 2015.

3. American Osteopathic Association. What is osteopathic medicine? Available at: http://www.osteopathic.org/osteopathic-health/Pages/what-is-osteopathic-medicine.aspx. Accessed November 17, 2017.

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6. Franke H, Franke JD, Fryer G. Osteopathic manipulative treatment for nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:286.

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9. Licciardone JC, Minotti DE, Gatchel RJ, et al. Osteopathic manual treatment and ultrasound therapy for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Fam Med. 2013;11:122-129.

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Postoperative OMT may decrease length of stay

In a retrospective study evaluating the effect of OMT on postoperative outcomes in 55 patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery, a total of 17 patients who received a single OMT session within 48 hours of surgery had a mean time to flatus of 3.1 days compared with 4.7 days in the usual care control group (P=.035).¹⁷ The mean length of stay was 6.1 days in the OMT group and 11.5 days in the non-OMT group (P=.006).

Major limitations of this study include that it was retrospective in design and that only 17 of 55 patients had OMT performed, indicating a possible selection bias.

Pneumonia: OMT may reduce LOS and duration of antibiotic usage

The Multicenter Osteopathic Pneumonia Study in the Elderly (MOPSE), a double-blind RCT, looked at 406 patients ≥50 years hospitalized with pneumonia. Researchers randomized the group to receive either conventional care (CC; antibiotic treatment only), OMT and antibiotic therapy, or light-touch sham therapy with antibiotics.¹⁸ The researchers found no significant differences between the groups for any outcomes in the intention-to-treat analysis.

Patients who received osteopathic manipulative treatment for acute neck pain had greater pain relief than those who received a small dose of IM ketorolac.

In results obtained from the per protocol analysis, however, the median length of stay for those in the OMT group was 3.5 days, compared with 4.5 days for those in the CC group (95% CI, 3.2-4.0; P=.01). Multiple comparisons also indicated a reduction in mean duration of intravenous antibiotic use of 3 days in the OMT group (95% CI, 2.7-3.5) vs 3.5 days in the CC group (95% CI, 3.2-3.9). The treatment end-points of either death or respiratory failure occurred significantly less frequently in the OMT group compared with the CC group (P=.006).¹⁸

A Cochrane review of RCTs assessing the efficacy of adjunctive techniques compared with conventional therapy for patients with pneumonia revealed a reduction in hospital stay of 2 days (95% CI, -3.5 to -0.6) for patients who received OMT and positive expiratory pressure vs those who received neither intervention.¹⁹ Additionally, the duration of IV antibiotics and total duration of all (IV and oral) antibiotic treatment required in those treated adjunctively with OMT was shorter (MD for IV antibiotics= -2.1 days; 95% CI, -3.4 to -0.9 and MD for all antibiotics= -1.9 days; 95% CI, -3.1 to -0.7).¹⁹ The review was notable for a small sample size, with only 79 patients assessed.

OMT may improve IBS symptoms

A crossover study of 31 patients that compared visceral manipulation and sacral articulation OMT with sham therapy for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) demonstrated that OMT significantly decreased self-reported diarrhea (P=.016), abdominal distention (P=.043), abdominal pain (P=.013), and rectal sensitivity (P<.001), but did not significantly affect constipation.²⁰

In another study, researchers randomized 30 patients with IBS in a 2:1 distribution to OMT vs sham treatment.²¹ OMT included abdominal visceral techniques and direct and indirect spine techniques. All of the patients received 2 treatment sessions, and the researchers evaluated them at 7 and 28 days. At 7 days, both groups demonstrated a significant reduction in IBS symptoms, although the OMT group had significantly greater improvement (P=.01). At 28 days, however, neither group showed a significant reduction in symptoms.²¹

The lack of a control group (in the first study due to the crossover design), small sample sizes, and self-reported symptoms are major limitations to applying these studies to IBS treatment recommendations.

CORRESPONDENCE
Andrew H. Slattengren, DO, Broadway Family Medicine Clinic, 1020 West Broadway Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55411; aslatten@umn.edu.