Before surgery, investigators performed 24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring. Preoperative exposure times to a pH below 4 (TpH <4) were similar for the younger and older patients (median 14.2% and 13.9%, respectively). Postoperative complication rates were similar for both groups. No deaths occurred. Minor postoperative complications involved 7% of the elderly patients and 6% of the younger group. The 24-hour pH monitoring scores showed improvement at 6 weeks after surgery for both groups, with the median TpH <4 at 1.1% (95% CL, 0.5) in the elderly vs a median of 1.8% (95% CL, 1.9) in the younger patients. At 1 year postoperatively, the values were also similar between the two groups; the median TpH <4 (95% CL) were 1.4% (1.5) in the elderly group and 1.2% (0.6) in the younger patient group.
The results of this study should be interpreted with caution, however. The study design is prone to bias, the patients had relatively low symptom scores at baseline, and sicker patients may have been excluded during the referral process.5
TABLE
Warning signs and symptoms of dyspepsia and GERD that suggest complicated disease or more serious underlying process1
| Dysphagia |
| Unexplained weight loss |
| History of gastrointestinal bleeding |
| Early satiety |
| Iron deficiency anemia |
| Vomiting |
| Odynophagia (sharp substernal pain on swallowing) |
| Initial onset of heartburn-like symptoms after the age of 50 years |
| History of immunocompromised state |
| Anorexia |
Recommendations from others
The Veterans Health Affairs/Department of Defense clinical practice guidelines recommend differentiating GERD (feelings of substernal burning associated with acid regurgitation) from dyspepsia (chronic or recurrent discomfort centered in the upper abdomen), of which GERD is a subset.6 The guidelines recommend gastroenterology consultation or upper endoscopy to rule out neoplastic or pre-neoplastic lesions if alarm symptoms (TABLE) suggesting complicated GERD are present.7
The Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement guidelines on dyspepsia and GERD recommend that all patients aged ≥50 years with symptoms of uncomplicated dyspepsia undergo upper endoscopy non-urgently because of the increased incidence of peptic ulcer disease, pre-neoplastic lesions, malignancy, and increased morbidity out of proportion to symptoms that are more common in an older patient population. The guidelines also recommend endoscopy for patients aged ≥50 years with uncomplicated GERD and the presence of symptoms for greater than 10 years because of the increased risk of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions, including Barrett’s esophagus.8