1. Dempsey JA, Veasey SC, Morgan BJ, et al. Pathophysiology of sleep apnea. Physiol Rev. 2010;90:47-112.
2. Jenkinson C, Stradling J, Petersen S. Comparison of three measures of quality of life outcome in the evaluation of continuous positive airways pressure therapy for sleep apnoea. J Sleep Res. 1997;6:199-204.
3. Satela MJ. Neuropsychological impairment and quality of life in obstructive sleep apnea. Clin Chest Med. 2003;24:249-259.
4. Young T, Peppard PE, Gottlieb DJ. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:1217-1239.
5. Yaggi HK, Concato J, Kernan W, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2034-2041.
6. Marin JM, Carrizo SJ, Vicente E, et al. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study. Lancet. 2005;365:1046-1053.
7. Young T, Finn L, Peppard PE, et al. Sleep disordered breathing and mortality: eighteen-year follow-up of the Wisconsin sleep cohort. Sleep. 2008;3:1071-1078.
8. Punjabi NM. The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5:136-143.
9. Coughlin SR, Mawdsley L, Mugarza JA, et al. Obstructive sleep apnoea is independently associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:735-741.
10. Basta M, Vgontzas AN. Metabolic abnormalities in obesity and sleep apnea are in a continuum. Sleep Med. 2007;8:5-7.
11. Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, et al. Longitudinal study of moderate weight change and sleep-disordered breathing. JAMA. 2000;284:3015-3021.
12. Parish JM, Adam T, Facchiano L. Relationship of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007;3:467-472.
13. Young T, Skatrud J, Peppard PE. Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. JAMA. 2004;291:2013-2016.
14. Skomro RP, Gjevre J, Reid J, et al. Outcomes of home-base diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Chest. 2010;138:257-263.
15. Iber C, Ancoli-Israel S, Chesson AL Jr, et al. The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2007.
16. Johns MW. Sensitivity and specificity of the multiple sleep maintenance tests, the maintenance of wakefulness tests and the Epworth sleepiness scale: failure of the MSLT as a gold standard. J Sleep Res. 2000;9:5-11.
17. Hesselbacher S, Subramanian S, Allen J, et al. Body mass index, gender, and ethnic variations alter the clinical implication of the Epworth sleepiness scale in patients with suspected of obstructive sleep apnea. Open Respir Med J. 2012;6:2020-2027.
18. Ahmadi N, Chung S, Gibbs A, et al. The Berlin questionnaire for sleep apnea in a sleep clinic population: relationship to polysomnographic measurement of respiratory disturbance. Sleep Breath. 2008;12:38-45.
19. Chung F, Yegneswaran B, Liao P, et al. STOP questionnaire: a tool to screen patients for obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology. 2008;108:812-821.
20. Shneerson J, Wright J. Lifestyle modification for obstructive sleep apnoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD002875.
21. Barvaux VA, Aubert G, Rodenstein DO. Weight loss as treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med Rev. 2000;4:435-452.
22. Buchwald H, Avidor H, Braunwald E, et al. Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2004;292:1724-1737.
23. Dixon JB, Schachter LM, O’Brien PE, et al. Surgical vs. conventional therapy for weight loss treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012;308:1142-1149.
24. Greenburg A, Lettieri C, Arn E. Effects of surgical weight loss on measures of obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2009;122:535-542.
25. Sagawa Y, Kondo H, Matsubuchi N. Alcohol has a dose-related effect on parasympathetic nerve activity during sleep. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011;35:2093-2100.
26. Vakulin A, Baulk SD, Catcheside PG, et al. Effects of alcohol and sleep restriction on simulated driving performance in untreated patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:447-455.
27. Patel SR, White DP, Malhotra A, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy for treating sleepiness in a diverse population with obstructive sleep apnea: results of a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:565-571.
28. Giles TL, Lasserson TJ, Smith BH, et al. Continuous positive airways pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(3):CD001106.
29. Simantirakis EN, Schiza SI, Marketou ME, et al. Severe bradyarrhythmias in patients with sleep apnoea: the effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a long-term evaluation using an insertable loop recorder. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:1070-1076.
30. Marshall NS, Barnes M, Travier N, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure reduces daytime sleepiness in mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea: a meta-analysis. Thorax. 2006;61:430-434.
31. Findley L, Smith C, Hooper J, et al. Treatment with nasal CPAP decreases automobile accidents in patient with sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:857-859.
32. Barbe F, Sunyer J, de la Pena A, et al. Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on the risk of road accidents in sleep apnea patients. Respiration. 2007;74:44-49.
33. Sin DD, Mayers I, Man GC, et al. Long Term compliance rates to continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea: a population based study. Chest. 2002;121:430-435.
34. Cormican LJ, Williams A. Sleep disordered breathing and its treatment in congestive heart failure. Heart. 2005;91:1265-1270.
35. Lindberg E, Berne C, Elmasry A, et al. CPAP treatment of a population-based sample—what are the benefits and the treatment compliance? Sleep Med. 2006;7:553-560.
36. Engleman HM, Wild MR. Improving CPAP use by patients with the sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS). Sleep Med. 2003;7:81-99.
37. Blau A, Minx M, Peter JG, et al. Auto bi-level pressure relief-PAP is as effective as CPAP in OSA patients—a pilot study. Sleep Breath. 2012;16:773-739.
38. Chan AS, Lee RW, Cistulli PA. Dental appliance treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. Chest. 2007;132:693-699.
39. Kushida CA, Morgenthaler TI, Littner MR, et al. Practice parameters for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea with oral appliances: an update for 2005. Sleep. 2006;29:240-243.
40. Sundaram S, Bridgman SA, Lim J, et al. Surgery for obstructive sleep apnoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(4):CD001004.
41. Caples SM, Rowley JA, Prinsell JR, et al. Surgical modifications of the upper airway for obstructive sleep apnea in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep. 2010;33:1396-1407.
42. Smith I, Lasserson TJ, Wright JJ. Drug therapy for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;():CD003002. Review.
43. Mason M, Welsh EJ, Smith I. Drug therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(5): CD003002.
