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Maximize depression treatment efforts with measurement-based care

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Team-based approach works best

Ten years ago, the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study highlighted the importance of close monitoring of patients with depression. This is best done with a team-based approach; it’s best suited to handle issues of compliance, side effects, efficacy, and close follow-up. The team may consist of a psychotherapist, nurse, and, possibly, a pharmacist – in addition to the internist, Nitin S. Damle, MD, said in an interview.

Courtesy American College of Physicians

Dr. Nitin S. Damle

Integrating behavioral health into primary care practices involves structure, which includes office visits – even every 2 weeks until stable – follow-up phone calls by the nurse to assess adherence and problems with medication, and a pharmacist to track refill rates and side effects, and to recommend changes to medication due to lack of efficacy or side effects, he said.

Treatment algorithms are an effective means to find the most effective and safest medication, and screening with PHQ-9 and even QIDS has become more common in the primary care office. Still, the adaption of measurement-based care has been slow, partly because of the absence of adequate funding for an integrated primary care team-based approach to mental illness. Now there is no mechanism to cover the costs of personnel and infrastructure to provide for the level of monitoring and treatment that measurement-based care requires, according to Dr. Damle.

Health plans need to review the evidence, such as that from the STAR*D and other studies, and create funding mechanisms so that their members stay healthy and avoid complications of mental illness.

Dr. Damle is president of the American College of Physicians and clinical associate professor of medicine at Brown University, Providence, R.I. He has no relevant disclosures.


 

EXPERT ANALYSIS FROM SUMMIT OF NEUROLOGY & PSYCHIATRY

References

Treatment algorithms can include psychotherapies, either in combination with pharmacotherapy or as monotherapy. He encouraged clinicians to refer to the American Psychiatric Association (APA) practice guideline for depression for more details. The absence of depressive symptoms alone is not indicative of remission, according to the guideline, which Dr. Thase coauthored. The presence of positive emotions and resilience, along with a sense of control over emotions and hope for the future, indicates remission.

If after applying those methods a patient remains depressed and has been negatively screened for bipolar disorder, the use of tricyclics or monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) may be appropriate. “MAOIs account for less than 1 in every 1,000 prescriptions for antidepressants, yet for people who don’t respond to modern antidepressants, they still can carry a 30%-40% response rate. So, if you don’t prescribe them yourself, please get access to someone who does,” Dr. Thase said.

The tenets of measurement-based care are essentially the lessons learned from the landmark Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial, which sought to address how pharmacologic care for depression could be delivered based on adequate dosing, attenuation of symptoms, fewer side effects, and other factors (Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:1905-17).

Now,10 years later, measurement-based treatment is still finding its way into practice, Dr. Thase said in an interview. “But, there’s no reason to be unduly pessimistic. Ten years ago, depression screening was in the same position, and now it is both considered to be the standard of care and is widely done.”

Dr. Thase reported having extensive industry relationships, noting that he has been involved in the development of nearly every drug for the treatment of mood disorders. Global Academy and this news organization are owned by the same company.

wmcknight@frontlinemedcom.com

On Twitter @whitneymcknight

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