TOPLINE:
Very high and very low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are linked to a higher risk for kidney disease in women with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but not in men.
METHODOLOGY:
- Studies have reported a strong association between low HDL-C levels and the risk for diabetic kidney disease, but whether higher HDL-C levels can influence the risk for diabetic kidney disease remains unclear.
- Researchers conducted a cross-sectional observational study of 936 patients with T2D (mean age, about 60 years; 41% women; 33% with diabetic kidney disease) from the Endocrinology Department at the Jinhua Hospital between September 2020 and July 2021.
- To examine the relationship between HDL-C levels and the risk for diabetic kidney disease, researchers used logistic regression to assess the continuous and categorical associations and a restricted cubic spline curve to assess the nonlinear association.
- HDL-C levels were categorized into four groups, with 0.40-0.96 mmol/L corresponding to the lowest quartile and 1.32-6.27 mmol/L corresponding to the highest quartile.
- The researchers observed a U-shaped association between HDL-C levels and the risk for diabetic kidney disease (Pnonlinear = .010) and selected two threshold values of 0.95 and 1.54 mmol/L.
TAKEAWAY:
- The risk for diabetic kidney disease was higher when the HDL-C levels were < 0.95 mmol/L or > 1.54 mmol/L.
- Compared with patients with HDL-C levels in the range of 0.95-1.54 mmol/L, those with very high and very low HDL-C levels had a 128% and 77% increased risk for diabetic kidney disease, respectively.
- The association was significant in women (P = .006) and not in men (P = .054), after adjusting for confounding factors.
- HDL-C level as a continuous variable was not associated with the risk for kidney disease (P = .902).
IN PRACTICE:
“Although HDL-C is generally considered a cardiovascular protective factor, at very high levels, this protective effect does not seem to hold true and may be associated with an increased DKD [diabetic kidney disease] risk,” the authors wrote.
SOURCE:
This study was led by Huabin Wang, from the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China, and was published online in Scientific Reports.
LIMITATIONS:
The cross-sectional nature of the study limited the ability to establish a causal relationship between high HDL-C levels and the risk for diabetic kidney disease. The sample size of the study was relatively small at the higher end of the HDL-C concentration spectrum. Moreover, the study did not consider other potential confounding factors such as diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, genetic diseases, drug effects on HDL-C levels, and fluctuating estrogen levels, which could affect the overall findings.
DISCLOSURES:
The study was funded by the Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, China, and The Science and Technology Bureau of Jinhua City. The authors declared no competing interests.
A version of this article first appeared on Medscape.com.