Concerning Study Results
Eighteen articles were identified. The authors represent seven countries: Pakistan (n = 1), the Netherlands (n = 1), the US (n = 1), Taiwan (n = 1), Germany (n = 3), China (n = 5), and Italy (n = 6). Among these studies, six investigated and characterized the presence of MPs and NPs in the human urinary tract. MPs and NPs were detected in urine samples (n = 5), kidney cancer samples (n = 2), and bladder cancer samples (n = 1).
Additionally, 12 studies examined the effects of MPs and NPs on human urinary tract cell lines. Their findings suggest that MPs and NPs have cytotoxic effects, increase inflammation, reduce cell viability, and alter mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
Raman spectroscopy was the primary method used to detect and characterize MPs and NPs in human samples (five out of six studies; 83%). Alternatively, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with direct laser infrared spectroscopy was used in one study.
Further Research Needed
This exploratory study underscores the urgent need for further research and policy development to address the challenges posed by microplastic contamination. It highlights the rapidly emerging threat of human urinary tract contamination by microplastics, questioning the WHO’s claim that microplastics pose no public health risk. The documented cytotoxic effects of microplastics, and their ability to induce inflammation, reduce cell viability, and disrupt signaling pathways, raise significant public health concerns related to bladder cancer, chronic kidney disease, chronic urinary infections, and incontinence.
Bernard-Alex Gauzere, retired physician formerly with the national health system in France (intensive care unit, tropical medicine), has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
This story was translated from JIM using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication. A version of this article first appeared on Medscape.com.