A . The results come from the largest double-blind, randomized trial performed in this patient population.
Dr. Dedee Murrell
Dr. Dedee Murrell
More than 41% of EB target wounds that were treated with Oleogel-S10 healed within 45 days, compared with about 29% of target wounds treated with placebo, in the EASE phase 3 trial, conducted at 58 sites in 28 countries.
A group of rare genetic disorders, EB “is described as the worst disease you’ve never heard of,” explained lead investigator Dedee Murrell, MD, director of dermatology, St. George Hospital at the University of New South Wales, Sydney. “It starts in children and is like having burns that heal with scars, and no treatment has been approved for it” by the Food and Drug Administration.
“This is the first large clinical trial with placebo of a topical treatment that’s worked for this terrible disease,” Dr. Murrell said in an interview. She noted that standard EB treatment currently consists of applying nonstick dressings to wounds to protect skin from trauma and infection.
Dr. Murrell, who has focused her work on EB patients since 1990, presented the findings at the virtual annual Congress of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.
The trial enrolled 223 patients (average age, 12 years, but ages ranged to 81 years) with three types of EB, including dystrophic and junctional EB and Kindler syndrome. For each participant, a target wound was selected for use as the primary efficacy endpoint. Those wounds had a partial thickness of between 10 cm2 and 50 cm2 and lasted between 21 days and 9 months. Patients were stratified into groups depending on type of EB and size of target wound.
Participants were randomly assigned to receive either Oleogel-S10 (n = 109) or placebo (n = 114). All applied the blinded-study gel to all their wounds at least every 4 days at the time dressings were changed.
The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients whose target wounds completely closed within 45 days. Key secondary endpoints included time to wound healing and percentage of target wounds that healed within 90 days of treatment; incidence and severity of target wound infection; change in total body wound burden, as measured by the Epidermolysis Bullosa Disease Activity and Scarring Index skin activity subscore; change in itching, as measured by the Itch Man Scale and the Leuven Itch Scale; and adverse events.
Nearly 92% of patients who were treated with Oleogel-S10 completed the double-blind phase of the trial, compared with nearly 87% who received placebo. As noted, the primary endpoint was met, with 41.3% of Oleogel-S10 patients achieving target wound closure within 45 days, compared with 28.9% of the patients who received placebo (P = .013).
But the difference in time to wound healing by day 90 between the two patient groups was not statistically significant (P = .302), with 50.5% of Oleogel-S10 patients achieving wound closure vs. 43.9% of control patients.
Target-wound infection occurred in eight participants, including three who used Oleogel-S10 and five who received placebo; all moderate or severe infections occurred in patients who received placebo. Total wound burden was reduced to a greater extent among Oleogel-S10 patients by day 60, but there was no apparent difference at day 90.
Both treatment groups reported qualitative improvements in itch, with no significant differences between groups. The prevalence of adverse events was also similar between groups (Oleogel-S10, 81.7%; placebo, 80.7%). The most frequently reported adverse events among Oleogel-S10 patients, compared with patients who received placebo, were wound complications, pyrexia, wound infection, pruritus, and anemia; only 4.5% of adverse events were deemed severe.
Dr. Murrell said that, on the basis of the trial results, she expects the FDA to fast-track approval of Oleogel-S10, which contains triterpene extract and sunflower oil.
The gel is “a treatment patients will be able to put under their dressings, added to normal treatment, which will accelerate their wound healing, with no significant increase in any side effects,” she added.
Jemima Mellerio, MD, of St. Thomas’ Hospital in London who sees about 400 EB patients each year, agreed with Dr. Murrell that the results are “very exciting.” Dr. Mellerio was not involved in the study.
“Practicing dermatologists seeing people with EB will have something to offer that appears to speed up wound healing in chronic wounds,” Dr. Mellerio said in an interview. “It’s a positive option rather than just supportive treatment, something that makes a difference to the natural history of wounds.”
She said the trial’s biggest strength was including “such a large cohort of patients.
“It’s extremely difficult to do that kind of study, especially with a placebo-controlled arm and especially in a rare disease,” Dr. Mellerio said. “If you think about the product itself, it’s easy to apply, so it’s not particularly onerous for people to add to their daily regimen of dressings.”
The study was funded by Amryt Pharma. Dr. Murrell is an advisory board member for Amryt Pharma. Dr. Mellerio is a consultant for Amryt Pharma.
A version of this article originally appeared on Medscape.com.