1. World Health Organization. Alcohol fact sheet. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs349/en/index.html . Published February 2011. Accessed April 30, 2013.
2. Anton RF, O’Malley SS, Ciraulo DA, et al. Combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence. The COMBINE study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006;295(17):2003-2017.
3. Mann K. Pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence a review of the clinical data. CNS Drugs. 2004;18(8):485-504.
4. ReVia [package insert]. Pomona, NY: Barr Pharmaceuticals; 2009.
5. Campral [package insert]. St. Louis, MO: Forest Pharmaceuticals; 2004.
6. Antabuse [package insert]. Pomona, NY: Barr Pharmaceuticals; 2010.
7. Johnson BA. Update on neuropharmacological treatments for alcoholism: scientific basis and clinical findings. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008;75(1):34-56.
8. Fuller RK, Branchey L, Brightwell DR, et al. Disulfiram treatment of alcoholism: a Veterans Administration cooperative study. JAMA. 1986;256(11):1449-1454.
9. Johnson BA, Ait-Daoud N, Bowden CL, et al. Oral topiramate for treatment of alcohol dependence: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361(9370):
10. Ma JZ, Ait-Daoud N, Johnson BA. Topiramate reduces the harm of excessive drinking: implications for public health and primary care. Addiction. 2006;101:1561-1568.
11. Addolorato G, Caputo F, Capristo E, et al. Baclofen efficacy in reducing alcohol craving and intake: a preliminary double-blind randomized controlled study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2002;37(5):504-508.
12. Addolorato G, Leggio L, Ferrulli A, et al. Dose-response effect of baclofen in reducing daily alcohol intake in alcohol dependence: secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Alcohol Alcohol. 2011;46(3):312-317.
13. Garbutt JC, Kampov-Polevoy AB, Gallop R, et al. Efficacy and safety of baclofen for alcohol dependence: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010;34(11):1849-1857.
14. Johnson BA, Roache JD, Javors MA, et al. Ondansetron for reduction of drinking among biologically predisposed alcoholic patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000;284(8):963-971.
15. Johnson BA, Ait-Daoud N, Ma JZ, et al. Ondansetron reduces mood disturbance among biologically predisposed, alcohol-dependent individuals. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003;27(11):1773-1779.
16. Myrick H, Anton R, Voronin K, et al. A double-blind evaluation of gabapentin on alcohol effects and drinking in a clinical laboratory paradigm. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007;31(2):221-227.
17. Furieri FA, Nakamura-Palacios EM. Gabapentin reduces alcohol consumption and craving: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68:1691-1700.
18. Mason BJ, Quello S, Goodell V, et al. Gabapentin treatment for alcohol dependence: a randomized clinical trial [published online November 4, 2013]. JAMA Intern Med. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.11950.
19. The Management of Substance Use Disorders Working Group. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for management of substance use disorders (SUD). http://www. healthquality.va.gov/sud/sud_full_601f.pdf . Published
20. Mark TL, Kranzler HR, Song X, et al. Physicians’ opinions about medication to treat alcoholism. Addiction. 2003;98(5):617-626.
21. Thomas CP, Wallack SS, Lee S, et al. Research to practice: adoption of naltrexone in alcoholism treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2003;24(1):1-11.
22. Srisurapanont M, Jarusuraisin N. Naltrexone for the treatment of alcoholism: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005;8:267-280.
23. Anton RF. Naltrexone for the management of alcohol dependence. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(7):715-721.
24. Gueorguieva R, Wu R, Pittman B, et al. New insights into the efficacy of naltrexone based on trajectory-based reanalysis of two negative clinical trials. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;61(11): 1290-1295.
25. Lapham S, Forman R, Alexander M, et al. The effects of extended-release naltrexone on holiday drinking in alcohol-dependent patients. J Subst Abuse. 2009;36(1):1-6.
26. Ciraulo DA, Dong Q, Silverman BL, et al. Early treatment response in alcohol dependence with extended-release naltrexone. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(2):190-195.
27. Mark TL, Montejano LB, Kranzler HR, et al. Comparison of healthcare utilization among patients treated with alcoholism medications. Am J Managed Care. 2010;16(12): 879-888.
28. Mann K, Lehert P, Morgan MY. The efficacy of acamprosate in the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol-dependent individuals: results of a meta-analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004;28(1):51-63.
29. Anton RF, Myrick H, Wright TM, et al. Gabapentin combined with naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168(7):709-717.
30. Karam-Hage M, Brower KJ. Open pilot study of gabapentin versus trazodone to treat insomnia in alcoholic outpatients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2003;57(5):542-544.
31. Myrick H, Malcolm R, Randall PK, et al. A double-blind trial of gabapentin versus lorazepam in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009;33(9):1582-1588.
