Key clinical point: Cognitive and neuropsychological issues associated with extremely premature birth persist into young adulthood.

Major finding: Individuals born extremely premature who scored in the intellectual disability range or had cognitive impairment at age 11 years were more likely to do so at age 19 years (relative risk, 8.72 and 3.56, respectively).

Study details: A cohort study of 127 individuals born extremely premature and 64 term-born controls.

Disclosures: The study was funded by the Medical Research Council United Kingdom. The authors reported having no relevant financial disclosures. The editorial by Dr. Schmidt and Dr. Saigal, who also reported having no relevant financial disclosures, was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.