Three noted pediatric rheumatologists who've won fame and success in academic research while also practicing medicine have two key words of advice for young physicians interested in developing similar dual careers: mentors matter!
“Make strategic decisions about where you go for mentoring,” Dr. Klaus Tenbrock advised.
Speaking before fellows-in-training at the annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Dr. Tenbrock cited his own experience: The great mentor in his life has been Dr. George Tsokos, now chief of the division of rheumatology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. Dr. Tenbrock moved to Massachusetts from Germany in order to train under Dr. Tsokos.
Dr. Tsokos' lab is said to have a pipeline to the Journal of Immunology. As a consequence, Dr. Tenbrock was able to get his pioneering studies on the importance of the cyclic AMP response modulator (CREM) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) published in this prestigious, high-profile journal even though he was a young, unknown researcher.
“The CREM story has followed me through two-thirds of my career,” noted Dr. Tenbrock, now at the University of Aachen (Germany). Indeed, he has received more than 1 million euros in CREM research grants in the past 10 years.
Dr. Salvatore Albani said a helpful mentor is like a successful parent: “A good mentor is one who lets you grow.”
“You have to choose the right mentors,” agreed Dr. Virginia Pascual. “You have to choose the right collaborators. If you can have fun, it's much, much better — and I've had a lot of fun in my collaborations.”
She stressed that a dual research/clinical career is hard work and very time consuming. It requires passionate commitment. “But if you have the passion, my advice is to please pursue it,” urged Dr. Pascual, an investigator at the Baylor Institute for Immunology Research in Dallas.
Credited as the first person to amplify a gene using PCR, Dr. Pascual was already an established first-tier basic scientist before deciding to pursue a pediatric rheumatology fellowship. The additional clinical training took her out of the laboratory and brought an entirely new and richly rewarding dimension to her work: strong and enduring relationships with patients who are dealing with serious illnesses.
In the past several years, she has been “overjoyed” to see pharmaceutical companies undertaking clinical trials evaluating the type-1 interferon cytokine family as a novel therapeutic target in SLE, a hypothesis she and others developed.
“Studying humans is very, very important, in my opinion, to making a difference in what we do,” concurred Dr. Albani, professor and director of translational research for infectious and inflammatory diseases at the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute in La Jolla, Calif.
The German scientific research establishment takes a somewhat different position. “Mouse work is an advantage, at least in Germany. I didn't get any money from the German Research Foundation until I started to work with mice,” Dr. Tenbrock recalled.
Dr. Albani observed that people who are willing to make the personal sacrifices required to pursue a dual research/clinical career share a common dream: “to find the cure, to find the explanation, to understand and contribute.” But when they do make an important discovery, most scientists find themselves in unfamiliar and treacherous waters. They are clueless about how to protect their intellectual property, design a product development plan, find funding sources, and convince them to invest.
Speaking from the vantage point of having founded a biotech company and personally caring for approximately 80 patients, Dr. Albani offered a cautionary note to his fresh-faced audience: “As scientists, we think the idea is everything. From my personal experience, I have to tell you the bad news that having a great idea is just the modest initial start of a long process, and you will lose control when the process is successful.”
“We race toward publication, we drive to become famous, and in reality we miss the opportunity to protect our property — our ideas — because we are not knowledgeable about the fact that if the idea is not protected it will be impossible to convince anyone to fund it. It will not have any commercial value,” he explained.
Unfortunately, the technology transfer offices in many universities aren't helpful. “They treat intellectual property as a hot potato which they like to get rid of quickly because of the costs,” Dr. Albani warned.
The costs of developing strong protection for intellectual property — often amounting to hundreds of thousands of dollars — have eaten up the developmental budgets of many a young scientist/inventor, leaving them unable to move on to preclinical studies, which in turn are a prerequisite to human trials.