A recent small study suggested that, in the age of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR), the mortality rates between symptomatic and asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair have become similar, according to Peter A. Soden, MD, of Beth Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, and his colleagues. However, in their large database study, Dr. Soden and his colleagues found that outcomes for the repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms were increasingly worse from asymptomatic to symptomatic to ruptured AAA.
The researchers assessed all patients undergoing endovascular and open AAA repair in the 2011-2013 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) data set, according to a report published in the August issue of the Journal of Vascular Surgery.
D.G.S.V.D. Gajasinghe/Wikimedia Commons/Creative Commons License
This image showws an open repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Symptomatic AAA was defined as lack of evidence of rupture but with the presence of abdominal or back pain or symptoms from local compression by the aneurysm causing early satiety, hydronephrosis, or deep vein thrombosis. Ruptured aneurysms were divided into two categories: hypotensive (defined as systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmm Hg or drop of greater than 40 mm HG from baseline) and nonhypotensive (J Vasc Surg. 2016;64:297-305).
There were numerous demographic and comorbidity differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients and between symptomatic and ruptured patients, with a general trend of increasing of commodities and factors influencing operative risk.
The final study included 5,502 patients undergoing repair of infrarenal (85%; 92% EVAR) or juxtarenal (15%;20% EVAR) aneurysms. These differences in the use of EVAR were statistically significant.
This population comprised 4,495 asymptomatic patients (82% EVAR), 455 symptomatic patients (69% EVAR), and 552 ruptured patients (52% EVAR).
The overall 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in symptomatic over asymptomatic patients (5.1% vs. 1.9%; P less than .001).Similarly, for EVAR, the overall 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in symptomatic over asymptomatic patients (3.8% vs. 1.4%; P less than .001). For open repair, there was no significant difference in mortality (7.7% vs. 4.3%) between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, respectively.
Multivariate analysis showed that symptomatic patients had twice the operative mortality as asymptomatic patients (odds ratio, 2.1). A symptomatic aneurysm was also predictive of a major adverse event (OR, 1.5). Ruptured aneurysms had a significant nearly sevenfold increase in mortality risk vs. symptomatic aneurysms (OR, 6.5) and a fivefold increase of risk of a major adverse event (OR 5.1), with all ORs within their 95% confidence interval levels).
“In this large contemporary study of symptomatic AAA patients, in which the majority were treated with EVAR, we found that symptomatic patients have twice the perioperative mortality compared with asymptomatic patients. Despite this, we also find a reduction in perioperative mortality for symptomatic aneurysms compared with prior reports in which the majority were treated with open repair, and we believe this supports an EVAR-first approach for symptomatic aneurysms with suitable anatomy,” the researchers concluded.
The authors reported that they had no relevant disclosures.