Prevention—People should wear proper protective clothing when outdoors in potentially infested areas. Measures should be taken to ensure that linens and clothing are not left outside in areas where setae might be carried on the wind. Infestation control is necessary if the population of caterpillars reaches a high enough level.
Conclusion
Several species of caterpillars and moths cause adverse reactions in humans: stings, hypersensitivity reactions, and lonomism. Although most reactions are self-limited, some might have more serious effects, including organ failure and death. Mechanisms of injury vary by species of caterpillar, moth, and butterfly; current research is focused on further defining venom components and signaling pathways to isolate potential targets to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of lepidopterism.