Spine

Ali Nourbakhsh, MD, and Kim J. Garges, MD

Dr. Nourbakhsh is Research Fellow Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.

Dr. Garges is Orthopaedic Surgeon, NASA Spine Institute, Nassau Bay, Texas.

Ali Nourbakhsh, MD, and Kim J. Garges, MD

Dr. Nourbakhsh is Research Fellow Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.

Dr. Garges is Orthopaedic Surgeon, NASA Spine Institute, Nassau Bay, Texas.

Ali Nourbakhsh, MD, and Kim J. Garges, MD

Dr. Nourbakhsh is Research Fellow Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.

Dr. Garges is Orthopaedic Surgeon, NASA Spine Institute, Nassau Bay, Texas.

Alex Gitelman, MD, Matthew J. Most, MD, and Mark Stephen, MD

Dr. Gitelman is Spine Surgery Fellow, University of California Los Angeles Comprehensive Spine Center, Santa Monica, California. He was resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York, at the time the article was written.

Dr. Most is Assistant Professor and Chief, Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts.

Dr. Stephen is Chief of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York.

Alex Gitelman, MD, Matthew J. Most, MD, and Mark Stephen, MD

Dr. Gitelman is Spine Surgery Fellow, University of California Los Angeles Comprehensive Spine Center, Santa Monica, California. He was resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York, at the time the article was written.

Dr. Most is Assistant Professor and Chief, Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts.

Dr. Stephen is Chief of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York.

Alex Gitelman, MD, Matthew J. Most, MD, and Mark Stephen, MD

Dr. Gitelman is Spine Surgery Fellow, University of California Los Angeles Comprehensive Spine Center, Santa Monica, California. He was resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York, at the time the article was written.

Dr. Most is Assistant Professor and Chief, Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts.

Dr. Stephen is Chief of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York.

Paul M. Arnold, MD, FACS, Darrel S. Brodke, MD, Y. Raja Rampersaud, MD, James S. Harrop, MD, Andrew T. Dailey, MD, Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD, Jonathan N. Grauer, MD, Marcel F. S. Dvorak, MD, Christopher M. Bono, MD, Jared T. Wilsey, PhD, Joon Y. Lee, MD, Ahmad Nassr, MD, and Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD; the Spine Trauma Study Group

Dr. Arnold is Professor of Neurosurgery, and Director, Spinal Cord Injury Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.

Dr. Brodke is Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Dr. Rampersaud is Assistant Professor, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Dr. Harrop is Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Dr. Dailey is Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Dr. Shaffrey is Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Dr. Grauer is Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Dr. Dvorak is Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Dr. Bono is Chief, Orthopedic Spine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Dr. Wilsey is Project Manager, Spine Trauma Study Group, and Senior Scientist, Spinal and Biologics Division, Medtronic, Memphis, Tennessee.

Dr. Lee is Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Dr. Nassr is Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Dr. Vaccaro is Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Paul M. Arnold, MD, FACS, Darrel S. Brodke, MD, Y. Raja Rampersaud, MD, James S. Harrop, MD, Andrew T. Dailey, MD, Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD, Jonathan N. Grauer, MD, Marcel F. S. Dvorak, MD, Christopher M. Bono, MD, Jared T. Wilsey, PhD, Joon Y. Lee, MD, Ahmad Nassr, MD, and Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD; the Spine Trauma Study Group

Dr. Arnold is Professor of Neurosurgery, and Director, Spinal Cord Injury Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.

Dr. Brodke is Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Dr. Rampersaud is Assistant Professor, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Dr. Harrop is Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Dr. Dailey is Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Dr. Shaffrey is Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Dr. Grauer is Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Dr. Dvorak is Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Dr. Bono is Chief, Orthopedic Spine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Dr. Wilsey is Project Manager, Spine Trauma Study Group, and Senior Scientist, Spinal and Biologics Division, Medtronic, Memphis, Tennessee.

Dr. Lee is Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Dr. Nassr is Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Dr. Vaccaro is Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Paul M. Arnold, MD, FACS, Darrel S. Brodke, MD, Y. Raja Rampersaud, MD, James S. Harrop, MD, Andrew T. Dailey, MD, Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD, Jonathan N. Grauer, MD, Marcel F. S. Dvorak, MD, Christopher M. Bono, MD, Jared T. Wilsey, PhD, Joon Y. Lee, MD, Ahmad Nassr, MD, and Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD; the Spine Trauma Study Group

Dr. Arnold is Professor of Neurosurgery, and Director, Spinal Cord Injury Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.

Dr. Brodke is Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Dr. Rampersaud is Assistant Professor, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Dr. Harrop is Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Dr. Dailey is Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Dr. Shaffrey is Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Dr. Grauer is Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Dr. Dvorak is Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Dr. Bono is Chief, Orthopedic Spine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Dr. Wilsey is Project Manager, Spine Trauma Study Group, and Senior Scientist, Spinal and Biologics Division, Medtronic, Memphis, Tennessee.

Dr. Lee is Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Dr. Nassr is Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Dr. Vaccaro is Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Hossein Elgafy, MD, MCh, FRCSEd, FRCSC, Marcel F. Dvorak, MD, FRCSC, Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, and Nabil Ebraheim, MD

Dr. Elgafy is Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio.

Dr. Dvorak is Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Dr. Vaccaro is Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University and Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Dr. Ebraheim is Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio.

Hossein Elgafy, MD, MCh, FRCSEd, FRCSC, Marcel F. Dvorak, MD, FRCSC, Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, and Nabil Ebraheim, MD

Dr. Elgafy is Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio.

Dr. Dvorak is Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Dr. Vaccaro is Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University and Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Dr. Ebraheim is Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio.

Hossein Elgafy, MD, MCh, FRCSEd, FRCSC, Marcel F. Dvorak, MD, FRCSC, Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, and Nabil Ebraheim, MD

Dr. Elgafy is Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio.

Dr. Dvorak is Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Dr. Vaccaro is Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University and Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Dr. Ebraheim is Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio.

Kingsley R. Chin, MD, Christopher Furey, MD, and Henry H. Bohlman, MD

Dr. Chin is a spine surgeon with the Institute for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (iMIS), West Palm Beach, Florida.

Dr. Furey is Assistant Professor of Orthopaedics, and Dr. Bohlman is Professor of Orthopaedics, Spine Institute, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio.

Kingsley R. Chin, MD, Christopher Furey, MD, and Henry H. Bohlman, MD

Dr. Chin is a spine surgeon with the Institute for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (iMIS), West Palm Beach, Florida.

Dr. Furey is Assistant Professor of Orthopaedics, and Dr. Bohlman is Professor of Orthopaedics, Spine Institute, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio.

Kingsley R. Chin, MD, Christopher Furey, MD, and Henry H. Bohlman, MD

Dr. Chin is a spine surgeon with the Institute for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (iMIS), West Palm Beach, Florida.

Dr. Furey is Assistant Professor of Orthopaedics, and Dr. Bohlman is Professor of Orthopaedics, Spine Institute, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio.

John R. Dimar II, MD, Kelly R. Bratcher, RN, CCRP, Dylan C. Brock, BS, Steven D. Glassman, MD, Mitchell J. Campbell, MD, and Leah Y. Carreon, MD, MSc

Dr. Dimar is Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.

Ms. Bratcher is Senior Clinical Research Coordinator, and Mr. Brock is Research Assistant, Kenton D. Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky.

Dr. Glassman is Associate Professor, and Dr. Campbell is Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.

Dr. Carreon is Clinical Research Director, Kenton D. Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky.

John R. Dimar II, MD, Kelly R. Bratcher, RN, CCRP, Dylan C. Brock, BS, Steven D. Glassman, MD, Mitchell J. Campbell, MD, and Leah Y. Carreon, MD, MSc

Dr. Dimar is Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.

Ms. Bratcher is Senior Clinical Research Coordinator, and Mr. Brock is Research Assistant, Kenton D. Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky.

Dr. Glassman is Associate Professor, and Dr. Campbell is Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.

Dr. Carreon is Clinical Research Director, Kenton D. Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky.

John R. Dimar II, MD, Kelly R. Bratcher, RN, CCRP, Dylan C. Brock, BS, Steven D. Glassman, MD, Mitchell J. Campbell, MD, and Leah Y. Carreon, MD, MSc

Dr. Dimar is Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.

Ms. Bratcher is Senior Clinical Research Coordinator, and Mr. Brock is Research Assistant, Kenton D. Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky.

Dr. Glassman is Associate Professor, and Dr. Campbell is Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.

Dr. Carreon is Clinical Research Director, Kenton D. Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky.

Paul M. Arnold, MD, Stephen Robbins, MD, Wayne Paullus, MD, Stephen Faust, MD, Richard Holt, MD, and Robert McGuire, MD

Dr. Arnold is Director of Spinal Cord Injury Center and Professor of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.

Dr. Robbins is Department Chair of Orthopedics, Columbia St. Mary's Hospital, Columbia Campus, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Physician, Milwaukee Spinal Specialists, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Dr. Paullus is Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas; and Physician, Southwest Neuroscience, Amarillo, Texas.

Dr. Faust is Chair of Surgery, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, Maryland; and Co-Director, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Center, Annapolis, Maryland.

Dr. Holt is an Orthopedic Surgeon, Spine Surgery PSC, Louisville, Kentucky.

Dr. McGuire is Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.

Paul M. Arnold, MD, Stephen Robbins, MD, Wayne Paullus, MD, Stephen Faust, MD, Richard Holt, MD, and Robert McGuire, MD

Dr. Arnold is Director of Spinal Cord Injury Center and Professor of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.

Dr. Robbins is Department Chair of Orthopedics, Columbia St. Mary's Hospital, Columbia Campus, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Physician, Milwaukee Spinal Specialists, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Dr. Paullus is Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas; and Physician, Southwest Neuroscience, Amarillo, Texas.

Dr. Faust is Chair of Surgery, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, Maryland; and Co-Director, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Center, Annapolis, Maryland.

Dr. Holt is an Orthopedic Surgeon, Spine Surgery PSC, Louisville, Kentucky.

Dr. McGuire is Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.

Paul M. Arnold, MD, Stephen Robbins, MD, Wayne Paullus, MD, Stephen Faust, MD, Richard Holt, MD, and Robert McGuire, MD

Dr. Arnold is Director of Spinal Cord Injury Center and Professor of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.

Dr. Robbins is Department Chair of Orthopedics, Columbia St. Mary's Hospital, Columbia Campus, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Physician, Milwaukee Spinal Specialists, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Dr. Paullus is Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas; and Physician, Southwest Neuroscience, Amarillo, Texas.

Dr. Faust is Chair of Surgery, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, Maryland; and Co-Director, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Center, Annapolis, Maryland.

Dr. Holt is an Orthopedic Surgeon, Spine Surgery PSC, Louisville, Kentucky.

Dr. McGuire is Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.

Richard A. DalCanto, MD, PhD, Mary Kay Reinhardt, RN, and Isador H. Lieberman, MD, MBA, FRCS(C)

Dr. DalCanto is Orthopaedic Surgeon, Salt Lake Clinic, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Ms. Reinhardt is Nurse Clinician, Department of Orthopaedics, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.

Dr. Lieberman is Professor of Surgery, Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgeon, and Chairman, Medical Interventional & Surgical Spine Center, Cleveland Clinic Spine Institute, Weston, Florida.

Richard A. DalCanto, MD, PhD, Mary Kay Reinhardt, RN, and Isador H. Lieberman, MD, MBA, FRCS(C)

Dr. DalCanto is Orthopaedic Surgeon, Salt Lake Clinic, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Ms. Reinhardt is Nurse Clinician, Department of Orthopaedics, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.

Dr. Lieberman is Professor of Surgery, Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgeon, and Chairman, Medical Interventional & Surgical Spine Center, Cleveland Clinic Spine Institute, Weston, Florida.

Richard A. DalCanto, MD, PhD, Mary Kay Reinhardt, RN, and Isador H. Lieberman, MD, MBA, FRCS(C)

Dr. DalCanto is Orthopaedic Surgeon, Salt Lake Clinic, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Ms. Reinhardt is Nurse Clinician, Department of Orthopaedics, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.

Dr. Lieberman is Professor of Surgery, Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgeon, and Chairman, Medical Interventional & Surgical Spine Center, Cleveland Clinic Spine Institute, Weston, Florida.

Brent K. Ogawa, MD, David L. Skaggs, MD, and Robert M. Kay, MD

Dr. Ogawa is Fellow, Roger A. Mann Foot and Ankle Fellowship, Oakland, California.

Dr. Skaggs is Associate Professor, and Dr. Kay is Associate Professor, Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, and Keck–University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.

Brent K. Ogawa, MD, David L. Skaggs, MD, and Robert M. Kay, MD

Dr. Ogawa is Fellow, Roger A. Mann Foot and Ankle Fellowship, Oakland, California.

Dr. Skaggs is Associate Professor, and Dr. Kay is Associate Professor, Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, and Keck–University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.

Brent K. Ogawa, MD, David L. Skaggs, MD, and Robert M. Kay, MD

Dr. Ogawa is Fellow, Roger A. Mann Foot and Ankle Fellowship, Oakland, California.

Dr. Skaggs is Associate Professor, and Dr. Kay is Associate Professor, Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, and Keck–University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.