LAS VEGAS – Two-thirds of colon resections in the United States are open procedures, but a colorectal surgeon told colleagues that evidence shows minimally invasive surgery deserves a wider place in his field.

Why? Because minimally invasive surgery – despite its limited utilization – is linked to multiple improved outcomes in colorectal surgery, said Matthew G. Mutch, MD, chief of colon and rectal surgery at Washington University, St. Louis, in a presentation at the Annual Minimally Invasive Surgery Symposium by Global Academy for Medical Education.

“Our goal should be to offer minimally invasive surgery to as many patients as possible by as many different methods as needed,” Dr. Mutch said. “If you’re willing to take this on and do this over a regular basis, you’ll get over that learning curve and expand the number of patients you can offer laparoscopy to.”

According to Dr. Mutch, benefits of minimally invasive colorectal surgery include:

• Improved short-term outcomes – length of stay and return of bowel function, and morbidity and mortality. A 2012 retrospective study of 85,712 colon resections that found laparoscopic resections, when feasible, “had better outcomes than open colectomy in the immediate perioperative period.” (Ann Surg. 2012 Sep;256[3]462-8).
• Improved long-term outcomes: faster recovery, fewer hernias, and fewer bowel obstructions.
• Lower overall costs.
• Fewer complications in the elderly.

When it comes to laparoscopic colorectal surgery, Dr. Mutch cautioned that the robotic technology has unclear benefit in rectal cancer, and the cost in colorectal cancer is unclear.

Another alternative is to perform laparoscopic colorectal surgery through alternative extraction sites such as the rectum, vagina, stomach, and even a stoma site or perineal wound. Both transanal and transvaginal extraction are feasible and safe, he said, adding that transvaginal procedures are best performed in conjunction with a hysterectomy. One benefit of these procedures is that they avoid abdominal wall trauma. However, he cautioned that colorectal surgery is unique because a cancerous specimen cannot be morcellated and must instead be removed whole.

Dr. Mutch also discussed laparoendoscopic resection of colon polyps. Benefits include shorter length of stay and faster recovery, he said, but complications can include perforation and bleeding. And, he said, there’s currently no code for the procedure.

Global Academy for Medical Education and this news organization are owned by the same parent company. Dr. Mutch has no relevant disclosures.

LAS VEGAS – Two-thirds of colon resections in the United States are open procedures, but a colorectal surgeon told colleagues that evidence shows minimally invasive surgery deserves a wider place in his field.

Why? Because minimally invasive surgery – despite its limited utilization – is linked to multiple improved outcomes in colorectal surgery, said Matthew G. Mutch, MD, chief of colon and rectal surgery at Washington University, St. Louis, in a presentation at the Annual Minimally Invasive Surgery Symposium by Global Academy for Medical Education.

“Our goal should be to offer minimally invasive surgery to as many patients as possible by as many different methods as needed,” Dr. Mutch said. “If you’re willing to take this on and do this over a regular basis, you’ll get over that learning curve and expand the number of patients you can offer laparoscopy to.”

According to Dr. Mutch, benefits of minimally invasive colorectal surgery include:

• Improved short-term outcomes – length of stay and return of bowel function, and morbidity and mortality. A 2012 retrospective study of 85,712 colon resections that found laparoscopic resections, when feasible, “had better outcomes than open colectomy in the immediate perioperative period.” (Ann Surg. 2012 Sep;256[3]462-8).
• Improved long-term outcomes: faster recovery, fewer hernias, and fewer bowel obstructions.
• Lower overall costs.
• Fewer complications in the elderly.

When it comes to laparoscopic colorectal surgery, Dr. Mutch cautioned that the robotic technology has unclear benefit in rectal cancer, and the cost in colorectal cancer is unclear.

Another alternative is to perform laparoscopic colorectal surgery through alternative extraction sites such as the rectum, vagina, stomach, and even a stoma site or perineal wound. Both transanal and transvaginal extraction are feasible and safe, he said, adding that transvaginal procedures are best performed in conjunction with a hysterectomy. One benefit of these procedures is that they avoid abdominal wall trauma. However, he cautioned that colorectal surgery is unique because a cancerous specimen cannot be morcellated and must instead be removed whole.

Dr. Mutch also discussed laparoendoscopic resection of colon polyps. Benefits include shorter length of stay and faster recovery, he said, but complications can include perforation and bleeding. And, he said, there’s currently no code for the procedure.

Global Academy for Medical Education and this news organization are owned by the same parent company. Dr. Mutch has no relevant disclosures.

LAS VEGAS – Two-thirds of colon resections in the United States are open procedures, but a colorectal surgeon told colleagues that evidence shows minimally invasive surgery deserves a wider place in his field.

Why? Because minimally invasive surgery – despite its limited utilization – is linked to multiple improved outcomes in colorectal surgery, said Matthew G. Mutch, MD, chief of colon and rectal surgery at Washington University, St. Louis, in a presentation at the Annual Minimally Invasive Surgery Symposium by Global Academy for Medical Education.

“Our goal should be to offer minimally invasive surgery to as many patients as possible by as many different methods as needed,” Dr. Mutch said. “If you’re willing to take this on and do this over a regular basis, you’ll get over that learning curve and expand the number of patients you can offer laparoscopy to.”

According to Dr. Mutch, benefits of minimally invasive colorectal surgery include:

• Improved short-term outcomes – length of stay and return of bowel function, and morbidity and mortality. A 2012 retrospective study of 85,712 colon resections that found laparoscopic resections, when feasible, “had better outcomes than open colectomy in the immediate perioperative period.” (Ann Surg. 2012 Sep;256[3]462-8).
• Improved long-term outcomes: faster recovery, fewer hernias, and fewer bowel obstructions.
• Lower overall costs.
• Fewer complications in the elderly.

When it comes to laparoscopic colorectal surgery, Dr. Mutch cautioned that the robotic technology has unclear benefit in rectal cancer, and the cost in colorectal cancer is unclear.

Another alternative is to perform laparoscopic colorectal surgery through alternative extraction sites such as the rectum, vagina, stomach, and even a stoma site or perineal wound. Both transanal and transvaginal extraction are feasible and safe, he said, adding that transvaginal procedures are best performed in conjunction with a hysterectomy. One benefit of these procedures is that they avoid abdominal wall trauma. However, he cautioned that colorectal surgery is unique because a cancerous specimen cannot be morcellated and must instead be removed whole.

Dr. Mutch also discussed laparoendoscopic resection of colon polyps. Benefits include shorter length of stay and faster recovery, he said, but complications can include perforation and bleeding. And, he said, there’s currently no code for the procedure.

Global Academy for Medical Education and this news organization are owned by the same parent company. Dr. Mutch has no relevant disclosures.

For patients with Crohn’s disease, therapeutic drug monitoring helped identify early primary nonresponders to induction with ustekinumab, according to researchers. The report is in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

At week 8, median trough levels of ustekinumab were 6.0 mcg per mL (interquartile range, 3.1-8.0) among patients who achieved a primary response to induction at week 16, versus 1.3 mcg/mL (IQR, 0.9-5.6 ) among primary nonresponders (P = .03). An 8-week ustekinumab trough level cutoff of 2.0 mcg/mL distinguished week 16 responders from nonresponders with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.75, wrote Ninon Soufflet of University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 in France, and associates. The researchers recommended “dedicated studies” to assess whether escalating the dose of ustekinumab can benefit patients with lower trough levels at week 8.

Few studies have explored biomarkers for response to ustekinumab induction therapy. Hence, the researchers assessed the relative utility of ustekinumab trough levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and fecal calprotectin levels for predicting early primary nonresponse. All 51 study participants had active luminal Crohn’s disease and received body weight–based intravenous infusions of ustekinumab at baseline, followed by subcutaneous injections of 90 mg. Primary nonresponders did not achieve steroid-free clinical and biochemical remission at week 16, defined as a Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) of 4 points or less, a CRP level under 5 mg/L, and a fecal calprotectin level under 250 mcg/g. Week 16 was chosen to account for any delayed responders, the researchers noted.

A total of 32 patients (63%) achieved remission to ustekinumab induction therapy by week 16. An 8-week trough level of 2.0 mcg/mL was found to be optimal and distinguished primary nonresponders from responders with a sensitivity of 87%, a specificity of 66%, a positive predictive value of 82%, and a negative predictive value of 75%. In prior studies, optimal thresholds exceeded 3.3 mcg/mL for achieving remission and 4.5 mcg/mL at week 26 for achieving endoscopic response, the researchers noted. They said that this discrepancy might reflect different time points for evaluation, assays for measuring ustekinumab, patient populations, and a lack of endoscopic data in their study. “The relatively small sample size and the short period of follow-up evaluation [were] substantial limitations” they acknowledged.

Learn more about therapeutic drug monitoring in IBD by reviewing the AGA Institute guideline at http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(17)35963-2/fulltext.

SOURCE: Soufflet N et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Mar 6. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.02.042. https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(19)30248-4/abstract

For patients with Crohn’s disease, therapeutic drug monitoring helped identify early primary nonresponders to induction with ustekinumab, according to researchers. The report is in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

At week 8, median trough levels of ustekinumab were 6.0 mcg per mL (interquartile range, 3.1-8.0) among patients who achieved a primary response to induction at week 16, versus 1.3 mcg/mL (IQR, 0.9-5.6 ) among primary nonresponders (P = .03). An 8-week ustekinumab trough level cutoff of 2.0 mcg/mL distinguished week 16 responders from nonresponders with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.75, wrote Ninon Soufflet of University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 in France, and associates. The researchers recommended “dedicated studies” to assess whether escalating the dose of ustekinumab can benefit patients with lower trough levels at week 8.

Few studies have explored biomarkers for response to ustekinumab induction therapy. Hence, the researchers assessed the relative utility of ustekinumab trough levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and fecal calprotectin levels for predicting early primary nonresponse. All 51 study participants had active luminal Crohn’s disease and received body weight–based intravenous infusions of ustekinumab at baseline, followed by subcutaneous injections of 90 mg. Primary nonresponders did not achieve steroid-free clinical and biochemical remission at week 16, defined as a Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) of 4 points or less, a CRP level under 5 mg/L, and a fecal calprotectin level under 250 mcg/g. Week 16 was chosen to account for any delayed responders, the researchers noted.

A total of 32 patients (63%) achieved remission to ustekinumab induction therapy by week 16. An 8-week trough level of 2.0 mcg/mL was found to be optimal and distinguished primary nonresponders from responders with a sensitivity of 87%, a specificity of 66%, a positive predictive value of 82%, and a negative predictive value of 75%. In prior studies, optimal thresholds exceeded 3.3 mcg/mL for achieving remission and 4.5 mcg/mL at week 26 for achieving endoscopic response, the researchers noted. They said that this discrepancy might reflect different time points for evaluation, assays for measuring ustekinumab, patient populations, and a lack of endoscopic data in their study. “The relatively small sample size and the short period of follow-up evaluation [were] substantial limitations” they acknowledged.

Learn more about therapeutic drug monitoring in IBD by reviewing the AGA Institute guideline at http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(17)35963-2/fulltext.

SOURCE: Soufflet N et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Mar 6. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.02.042. https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(19)30248-4/abstract

For patients with Crohn’s disease, therapeutic drug monitoring helped identify early primary nonresponders to induction with ustekinumab, according to researchers. The report is in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

At week 8, median trough levels of ustekinumab were 6.0 mcg per mL (interquartile range, 3.1-8.0) among patients who achieved a primary response to induction at week 16, versus 1.3 mcg/mL (IQR, 0.9-5.6 ) among primary nonresponders (P = .03). An 8-week ustekinumab trough level cutoff of 2.0 mcg/mL distinguished week 16 responders from nonresponders with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.75, wrote Ninon Soufflet of University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 in France, and associates. The researchers recommended “dedicated studies” to assess whether escalating the dose of ustekinumab can benefit patients with lower trough levels at week 8.

Few studies have explored biomarkers for response to ustekinumab induction therapy. Hence, the researchers assessed the relative utility of ustekinumab trough levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and fecal calprotectin levels for predicting early primary nonresponse. All 51 study participants had active luminal Crohn’s disease and received body weight–based intravenous infusions of ustekinumab at baseline, followed by subcutaneous injections of 90 mg. Primary nonresponders did not achieve steroid-free clinical and biochemical remission at week 16, defined as a Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) of 4 points or less, a CRP level under 5 mg/L, and a fecal calprotectin level under 250 mcg/g. Week 16 was chosen to account for any delayed responders, the researchers noted.

A total of 32 patients (63%) achieved remission to ustekinumab induction therapy by week 16. An 8-week trough level of 2.0 mcg/mL was found to be optimal and distinguished primary nonresponders from responders with a sensitivity of 87%, a specificity of 66%, a positive predictive value of 82%, and a negative predictive value of 75%. In prior studies, optimal thresholds exceeded 3.3 mcg/mL for achieving remission and 4.5 mcg/mL at week 26 for achieving endoscopic response, the researchers noted. They said that this discrepancy might reflect different time points for evaluation, assays for measuring ustekinumab, patient populations, and a lack of endoscopic data in their study. “The relatively small sample size and the short period of follow-up evaluation [were] substantial limitations” they acknowledged.

Learn more about therapeutic drug monitoring in IBD by reviewing the AGA Institute guideline at http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(17)35963-2/fulltext.

SOURCE: Soufflet N et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Mar 6. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.02.042. https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(19)30248-4/abstract

Uterine fibroids affect up to two-thirds of all women.¹ The current medical treatment options for uterine fibroids include on- and off-label use of oral contraceptives, hormonal intrauterine devices, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor agonists, and progestins. Data on the oral GnRH antagonist elagolix, US Food and Drug Administration–approved to treat endometriosis, were presented at the 2019 Annual Clinical and Scientific Meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
 

Study details

In the Eularis I trial, a total of 412 women with heavy menstrual bleeding (>80 mL/cycle of menstrual blood loss) were included in the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 6-month, phase 3 study. Women were premenopausal, ranged in age from 18 to 51 years, and were assigned in a 1:1:2 ratio to placebo, elagolix 300 mg twice daily, or elagolix 300 mg twice daily in combination with 1 mg estradiol/0.5 mg norethindrone acetate once-daily add-back therapy. A total of 328 women completed treatment.



At 6 months, 84.1%, 68.5%, and 8.7% of women taking elagolix alone, elagolix plus estradiol/norethindrone acetate, and placebo experienced a bleeding reduction that was 50% or greater from baseline.



Half of women who were treated with elagolix plus hormonal add-back therapy experienced adverse events, compared with 80% of women who took elagolix alone and 38% of women taking placebo. At study conclusion, the change from baseline for lumbar spine bone mass density was not significantly different from placebo for elagolix plus hormonal add-back therapy, but it was significantly different for elagolix alone compared with placebo.²
 

EULARIS II

A second study of safety and efficacy, which also was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 6-month, phase 3 study, found that 76% of women randomly assigned to elagolix plus estradiol/norethindrone acetate experienced a bleeding reduction that was 50% or greater from baseline.³



Both EULARIS studies were funded by AbbVie, Inc.

Uterine fibroids affect up to two-thirds of all women.¹ The current medical treatment options for uterine fibroids include on- and off-label use of oral contraceptives, hormonal intrauterine devices, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor agonists, and progestins. Data on the oral GnRH antagonist elagolix, US Food and Drug Administration–approved to treat endometriosis, were presented at the 2019 Annual Clinical and Scientific Meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
 

Study details

In the Eularis I trial, a total of 412 women with heavy menstrual bleeding (>80 mL/cycle of menstrual blood loss) were included in the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 6-month, phase 3 study. Women were premenopausal, ranged in age from 18 to 51 years, and were assigned in a 1:1:2 ratio to placebo, elagolix 300 mg twice daily, or elagolix 300 mg twice daily in combination with 1 mg estradiol/0.5 mg norethindrone acetate once-daily add-back therapy. A total of 328 women completed treatment.



At 6 months, 84.1%, 68.5%, and 8.7% of women taking elagolix alone, elagolix plus estradiol/norethindrone acetate, and placebo experienced a bleeding reduction that was 50% or greater from baseline.



Half of women who were treated with elagolix plus hormonal add-back therapy experienced adverse events, compared with 80% of women who took elagolix alone and 38% of women taking placebo. At study conclusion, the change from baseline for lumbar spine bone mass density was not significantly different from placebo for elagolix plus hormonal add-back therapy, but it was significantly different for elagolix alone compared with placebo.²
 

EULARIS II

A second study of safety and efficacy, which also was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 6-month, phase 3 study, found that 76% of women randomly assigned to elagolix plus estradiol/norethindrone acetate experienced a bleeding reduction that was 50% or greater from baseline.³



Both EULARIS studies were funded by AbbVie, Inc.

Uterine fibroids affect up to two-thirds of all women.¹ The current medical treatment options for uterine fibroids include on- and off-label use of oral contraceptives, hormonal intrauterine devices, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor agonists, and progestins. Data on the oral GnRH antagonist elagolix, US Food and Drug Administration–approved to treat endometriosis, were presented at the 2019 Annual Clinical and Scientific Meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
 

Study details

In the Eularis I trial, a total of 412 women with heavy menstrual bleeding (>80 mL/cycle of menstrual blood loss) were included in the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 6-month, phase 3 study. Women were premenopausal, ranged in age from 18 to 51 years, and were assigned in a 1:1:2 ratio to placebo, elagolix 300 mg twice daily, or elagolix 300 mg twice daily in combination with 1 mg estradiol/0.5 mg norethindrone acetate once-daily add-back therapy. A total of 328 women completed treatment.



At 6 months, 84.1%, 68.5%, and 8.7% of women taking elagolix alone, elagolix plus estradiol/norethindrone acetate, and placebo experienced a bleeding reduction that was 50% or greater from baseline.



Half of women who were treated with elagolix plus hormonal add-back therapy experienced adverse events, compared with 80% of women who took elagolix alone and 38% of women taking placebo. At study conclusion, the change from baseline for lumbar spine bone mass density was not significantly different from placebo for elagolix plus hormonal add-back therapy, but it was significantly different for elagolix alone compared with placebo.²
 

EULARIS II

A second study of safety and efficacy, which also was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 6-month, phase 3 study, found that 76% of women randomly assigned to elagolix plus estradiol/norethindrone acetate experienced a bleeding reduction that was 50% or greater from baseline.³



Both EULARIS studies were funded by AbbVie, Inc.

Breast cancer patients with HER2-positive disease are more likely to be nonsurgical candidates for clinical trials after neoadjuvant systemic therapy if they have eradicated both invasive and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) disease, according to research presented in a recent webcast from the annual meeting of the American Society of Breast Surgeons.

While there is a high rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) in HER2-postive breast cancer after neoadjuvant systemic therapy, it is difficult to determine which patients have achieved pCR because standard imaging generates a high rate of false negatives, noted Susie Sun, MD, from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.

“Although radiological imaging such as mammograms, ultrasounds, and MRIs have been shown to be unreliable in identifying patients with pCR, we have previously determined that patients with clinically significant residual disease can be accurately identified using a combination of multimodality imaging and image-guided, vacuum-assisted biopsy to the tumor bed,” Dr. Sun said in her presentation.

In the Multicenter Trial for Eliminating Breast Cancer Surgery in Exceptional Responders With Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy, Dr. Sun and colleagues enrolled 280 patients with T1-T2, N0-N1 HER2-positive breast cancer who had undergone HER2-targeted therapy, followed by surgical resection and axillary surgery. The researchers studied both the effects of neoadjuvant therapy patients with pCR and the clinicopathologic characteristics of residual disease to determine how patients with pCR differed from those with residual disease.

After neoadjuvant systemic therapy, 55.4% of pCR invasive cancer was eradicated in patients, 37.5% of both pCR invasive and DCIS cancer was eradicated in patients, and 17.9% of patients had eradication of only residual DCIS. Compared with patients where DCIS was not identified at initial biopsy, DCIS identification was associated with a higher likelihood of residual disease (69% vs. 57%; P = .04). The researchers found patients having hormone receptor–positive/HER2-positive disease was associated with a higher rate of predictive residual disease (26.6%), compared with patients who had hormone receptor–negative/HER2-positive disease (49.2%; odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, P less than .0001).

“For the currently occurring trial, evaluating the safety of eliminating surgery for patients who are exceptional responders to neoadjuvant systemic therapy, eradication of both the invasive and DCIS components are necessary because DCIS may serve as a nidus for carcinoma in the future,” said Dr. Sun.

The researchers also studied the effectiveness of multimodality imaging on identifying pathologic response. The multimodality imaging consisted of a mammogram and ultrasound for all patients, and approximately 13% of patients had MRI in addition to mammogram and ultrasound. The multimodality imaging response after neoadjuvant systemic therapy had a sensitivity of 97.1% and a negative predictive value of 70.6% for detecting residual disease in the breast and lymph nodes.

“[O]ur study found that multimodality imaging was not reliable in assessing for pathologic response within the breast or lymph nodes,” said Dr. Sun. “Therefore, imaging alone cannot be used to select patients for no surgery. This requires patients who have image-guided percutaneous biopsy to safely select patients for inclusion and elimination of surgery trial.”

In a discussion session, Dr. Sun clarified the combination of multimodality imaging and image-guided percutaneous biopsy was used to select HER2-positive patients for a clinical trial, and is not standard of practice to determine pCR at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Dr. Sun reported no relevant financial disclosures.

Breast cancer patients with HER2-positive disease are more likely to be nonsurgical candidates for clinical trials after neoadjuvant systemic therapy if they have eradicated both invasive and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) disease, according to research presented in a recent webcast from the annual meeting of the American Society of Breast Surgeons.

While there is a high rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) in HER2-postive breast cancer after neoadjuvant systemic therapy, it is difficult to determine which patients have achieved pCR because standard imaging generates a high rate of false negatives, noted Susie Sun, MD, from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.

“Although radiological imaging such as mammograms, ultrasounds, and MRIs have been shown to be unreliable in identifying patients with pCR, we have previously determined that patients with clinically significant residual disease can be accurately identified using a combination of multimodality imaging and image-guided, vacuum-assisted biopsy to the tumor bed,” Dr. Sun said in her presentation.

In the Multicenter Trial for Eliminating Breast Cancer Surgery in Exceptional Responders With Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy, Dr. Sun and colleagues enrolled 280 patients with T1-T2, N0-N1 HER2-positive breast cancer who had undergone HER2-targeted therapy, followed by surgical resection and axillary surgery. The researchers studied both the effects of neoadjuvant therapy patients with pCR and the clinicopathologic characteristics of residual disease to determine how patients with pCR differed from those with residual disease.

After neoadjuvant systemic therapy, 55.4% of pCR invasive cancer was eradicated in patients, 37.5% of both pCR invasive and DCIS cancer was eradicated in patients, and 17.9% of patients had eradication of only residual DCIS. Compared with patients where DCIS was not identified at initial biopsy, DCIS identification was associated with a higher likelihood of residual disease (69% vs. 57%; P = .04). The researchers found patients having hormone receptor–positive/HER2-positive disease was associated with a higher rate of predictive residual disease (26.6%), compared with patients who had hormone receptor–negative/HER2-positive disease (49.2%; odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, P less than .0001).

“For the currently occurring trial, evaluating the safety of eliminating surgery for patients who are exceptional responders to neoadjuvant systemic therapy, eradication of both the invasive and DCIS components are necessary because DCIS may serve as a nidus for carcinoma in the future,” said Dr. Sun.

The researchers also studied the effectiveness of multimodality imaging on identifying pathologic response. The multimodality imaging consisted of a mammogram and ultrasound for all patients, and approximately 13% of patients had MRI in addition to mammogram and ultrasound. The multimodality imaging response after neoadjuvant systemic therapy had a sensitivity of 97.1% and a negative predictive value of 70.6% for detecting residual disease in the breast and lymph nodes.

“[O]ur study found that multimodality imaging was not reliable in assessing for pathologic response within the breast or lymph nodes,” said Dr. Sun. “Therefore, imaging alone cannot be used to select patients for no surgery. This requires patients who have image-guided percutaneous biopsy to safely select patients for inclusion and elimination of surgery trial.”

In a discussion session, Dr. Sun clarified the combination of multimodality imaging and image-guided percutaneous biopsy was used to select HER2-positive patients for a clinical trial, and is not standard of practice to determine pCR at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Dr. Sun reported no relevant financial disclosures.

Breast cancer patients with HER2-positive disease are more likely to be nonsurgical candidates for clinical trials after neoadjuvant systemic therapy if they have eradicated both invasive and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) disease, according to research presented in a recent webcast from the annual meeting of the American Society of Breast Surgeons.

While there is a high rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) in HER2-postive breast cancer after neoadjuvant systemic therapy, it is difficult to determine which patients have achieved pCR because standard imaging generates a high rate of false negatives, noted Susie Sun, MD, from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.

“Although radiological imaging such as mammograms, ultrasounds, and MRIs have been shown to be unreliable in identifying patients with pCR, we have previously determined that patients with clinically significant residual disease can be accurately identified using a combination of multimodality imaging and image-guided, vacuum-assisted biopsy to the tumor bed,” Dr. Sun said in her presentation.

In the Multicenter Trial for Eliminating Breast Cancer Surgery in Exceptional Responders With Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy, Dr. Sun and colleagues enrolled 280 patients with T1-T2, N0-N1 HER2-positive breast cancer who had undergone HER2-targeted therapy, followed by surgical resection and axillary surgery. The researchers studied both the effects of neoadjuvant therapy patients with pCR and the clinicopathologic characteristics of residual disease to determine how patients with pCR differed from those with residual disease.

After neoadjuvant systemic therapy, 55.4% of pCR invasive cancer was eradicated in patients, 37.5% of both pCR invasive and DCIS cancer was eradicated in patients, and 17.9% of patients had eradication of only residual DCIS. Compared with patients where DCIS was not identified at initial biopsy, DCIS identification was associated with a higher likelihood of residual disease (69% vs. 57%; P = .04). The researchers found patients having hormone receptor–positive/HER2-positive disease was associated with a higher rate of predictive residual disease (26.6%), compared with patients who had hormone receptor–negative/HER2-positive disease (49.2%; odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, P less than .0001).

“For the currently occurring trial, evaluating the safety of eliminating surgery for patients who are exceptional responders to neoadjuvant systemic therapy, eradication of both the invasive and DCIS components are necessary because DCIS may serve as a nidus for carcinoma in the future,” said Dr. Sun.

The researchers also studied the effectiveness of multimodality imaging on identifying pathologic response. The multimodality imaging consisted of a mammogram and ultrasound for all patients, and approximately 13% of patients had MRI in addition to mammogram and ultrasound. The multimodality imaging response after neoadjuvant systemic therapy had a sensitivity of 97.1% and a negative predictive value of 70.6% for detecting residual disease in the breast and lymph nodes.

“[O]ur study found that multimodality imaging was not reliable in assessing for pathologic response within the breast or lymph nodes,” said Dr. Sun. “Therefore, imaging alone cannot be used to select patients for no surgery. This requires patients who have image-guided percutaneous biopsy to safely select patients for inclusion and elimination of surgery trial.”

In a discussion session, Dr. Sun clarified the combination of multimodality imaging and image-guided percutaneous biopsy was used to select HER2-positive patients for a clinical trial, and is not standard of practice to determine pCR at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Dr. Sun reported no relevant financial disclosures.

Buprenorphine for opioid use disorder is much less likely to be prescribed to patients who are black or who do not have health insurance, an analysis of two national surveys shows.

Researchers analyzed data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2004 to 2015, including 13.4 million visits in which buprenorphine was prescribed. The analysis was published as a research letter in JAMA Psychiatry.

From 2012 to 2015, the number of ambulatory visits involving buprenorphine rose from 0.04% to 0.36%. Black patients were 77% less likely to receive a prescription for buprenorphine at their visit – even after adjustment for payment method, sex, and age – while the number of prescription received by white patients was considerably higher than for patients of any other ethnicity, wrote Pooja A. Lagisetty, MD, and coauthors.

Men were also more than twice as likely to be prescribed buprenorphine than were women, and the age group with the highest incidence of buprenorphine prescriptions was 30-50 years.

Self-pay and private health insurance were the most common payment methods, but the number of self-paying patients receiving buprenorphine prescriptions dramatically increased from 585,568 in 2004-2007 to 5.3 million in 2012-2015.

“This finding in nationally representative data builds on a previous study that reported buprenorphine treatment disparities on the basis of race/ethnicity and income in New York City,” said Dr. Lagisetty of the department of medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and coauthors.

However, they acknowledged that it was unclear whether the treatment disparity might in fact reflect a difference in the prevalence of opioid use disorder across ethnicities.

Commenting on the differences in payment methods, the authors noted that, despite the enactment of mental health parity legislation and the expansion of Medicaid, the proportion of self-pay visits remained relatively unchanged across the study period.

“A recent study demonstrated that half of the physicians prescribing buprenorphine in Ohio accepted cash alone, and our findings suggest that this practice may be widespread and may be associated with additional financial barriers for low-income populations,” the researchers wrote. “With rising rates of opioid overdoses, it is imperative that policy and research efforts specifically address racial/ethnic and economic differences in treatment access and engagement.”

No conflicts of interest were declared.

SOURCE: Lagisetty P et al. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019 May 8. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0876.

Buprenorphine for opioid use disorder is much less likely to be prescribed to patients who are black or who do not have health insurance, an analysis of two national surveys shows.

Researchers analyzed data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2004 to 2015, including 13.4 million visits in which buprenorphine was prescribed. The analysis was published as a research letter in JAMA Psychiatry.

From 2012 to 2015, the number of ambulatory visits involving buprenorphine rose from 0.04% to 0.36%. Black patients were 77% less likely to receive a prescription for buprenorphine at their visit – even after adjustment for payment method, sex, and age – while the number of prescription received by white patients was considerably higher than for patients of any other ethnicity, wrote Pooja A. Lagisetty, MD, and coauthors.

Men were also more than twice as likely to be prescribed buprenorphine than were women, and the age group with the highest incidence of buprenorphine prescriptions was 30-50 years.

Self-pay and private health insurance were the most common payment methods, but the number of self-paying patients receiving buprenorphine prescriptions dramatically increased from 585,568 in 2004-2007 to 5.3 million in 2012-2015.

“This finding in nationally representative data builds on a previous study that reported buprenorphine treatment disparities on the basis of race/ethnicity and income in New York City,” said Dr. Lagisetty of the department of medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and coauthors.

However, they acknowledged that it was unclear whether the treatment disparity might in fact reflect a difference in the prevalence of opioid use disorder across ethnicities.

Commenting on the differences in payment methods, the authors noted that, despite the enactment of mental health parity legislation and the expansion of Medicaid, the proportion of self-pay visits remained relatively unchanged across the study period.

“A recent study demonstrated that half of the physicians prescribing buprenorphine in Ohio accepted cash alone, and our findings suggest that this practice may be widespread and may be associated with additional financial barriers for low-income populations,” the researchers wrote. “With rising rates of opioid overdoses, it is imperative that policy and research efforts specifically address racial/ethnic and economic differences in treatment access and engagement.”

No conflicts of interest were declared.

SOURCE: Lagisetty P et al. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019 May 8. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0876.

Buprenorphine for opioid use disorder is much less likely to be prescribed to patients who are black or who do not have health insurance, an analysis of two national surveys shows.

Researchers analyzed data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2004 to 2015, including 13.4 million visits in which buprenorphine was prescribed. The analysis was published as a research letter in JAMA Psychiatry.

From 2012 to 2015, the number of ambulatory visits involving buprenorphine rose from 0.04% to 0.36%. Black patients were 77% less likely to receive a prescription for buprenorphine at their visit – even after adjustment for payment method, sex, and age – while the number of prescription received by white patients was considerably higher than for patients of any other ethnicity, wrote Pooja A. Lagisetty, MD, and coauthors.

Men were also more than twice as likely to be prescribed buprenorphine than were women, and the age group with the highest incidence of buprenorphine prescriptions was 30-50 years.

Self-pay and private health insurance were the most common payment methods, but the number of self-paying patients receiving buprenorphine prescriptions dramatically increased from 585,568 in 2004-2007 to 5.3 million in 2012-2015.

“This finding in nationally representative data builds on a previous study that reported buprenorphine treatment disparities on the basis of race/ethnicity and income in New York City,” said Dr. Lagisetty of the department of medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and coauthors.

However, they acknowledged that it was unclear whether the treatment disparity might in fact reflect a difference in the prevalence of opioid use disorder across ethnicities.

Commenting on the differences in payment methods, the authors noted that, despite the enactment of mental health parity legislation and the expansion of Medicaid, the proportion of self-pay visits remained relatively unchanged across the study period.

“A recent study demonstrated that half of the physicians prescribing buprenorphine in Ohio accepted cash alone, and our findings suggest that this practice may be widespread and may be associated with additional financial barriers for low-income populations,” the researchers wrote. “With rising rates of opioid overdoses, it is imperative that policy and research efforts specifically address racial/ethnic and economic differences in treatment access and engagement.”

No conflicts of interest were declared.

SOURCE: Lagisetty P et al. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019 May 8. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0876.

NEWPORT BEACH, CALIF. – New research suggests patients with normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia (NK-AML) can be divided into four risk groups associated with overall survival.

Investigators used machine learning algorithms to study the association between mutations and overall survival in 1,352 patients with NK-AML. The analysis revealed combinations of mutations that could be used to classify NK-AML patients into favorable, intermediate-1, intermediate-2, and unfavorable risk groups.

For example, patients who had NPM1 mutations but wild-type FLT3-ITD and DNMT3A, had a median overall survival of 99.1 months and could be classified as favorable risk. Conversely, patients who had NPM1, FLT3-ITD, and DNMT3A mutations, had a median overall survival of 13.4 months and could be classified as unfavorable risk.

Aziz Nazha, MD, of the Cleveland Clinic, and his colleagues conducted this research and presented the findings at the Acute Leukemia Forum of Hemedicus.

The investigators looked at genomic and clinical data from 1,352 patients with NK-AML. The patients were a median age of 55 years and had a median white blood cell count of 21.3 x 10⁹/L, a median hemoglobin of 9.1 g/dL, and a median platelet count of 61 x 10⁹/L. More than half of patients (57.3%) were male.

The patients were screened for 35 genes that are commonly mutated in AML and other myeloid malignancies. The investigators used machine learning algorithms, including random survival forest and recommender system algorithms, to study the association between mutations and overall survival in an “unbiased” way.

Dr. Nazha said there were a median of three mutations per patient sample, and “there are some competing interests between those mutations to impact the prognosis of the patient.”

The investigators used the mutations and their associations with overall survival to classify patients into the risk groups outlined in the table below.

jensmith@mdedge.com

NEWPORT BEACH, CALIF. – New research suggests patients with normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia (NK-AML) can be divided into four risk groups associated with overall survival.

Investigators used machine learning algorithms to study the association between mutations and overall survival in 1,352 patients with NK-AML. The analysis revealed combinations of mutations that could be used to classify NK-AML patients into favorable, intermediate-1, intermediate-2, and unfavorable risk groups.

For example, patients who had NPM1 mutations but wild-type FLT3-ITD and DNMT3A, had a median overall survival of 99.1 months and could be classified as favorable risk. Conversely, patients who had NPM1, FLT3-ITD, and DNMT3A mutations, had a median overall survival of 13.4 months and could be classified as unfavorable risk.

Aziz Nazha, MD, of the Cleveland Clinic, and his colleagues conducted this research and presented the findings at the Acute Leukemia Forum of Hemedicus.

The investigators looked at genomic and clinical data from 1,352 patients with NK-AML. The patients were a median age of 55 years and had a median white blood cell count of 21.3 x 10⁹/L, a median hemoglobin of 9.1 g/dL, and a median platelet count of 61 x 10⁹/L. More than half of patients (57.3%) were male.

The patients were screened for 35 genes that are commonly mutated in AML and other myeloid malignancies. The investigators used machine learning algorithms, including random survival forest and recommender system algorithms, to study the association between mutations and overall survival in an “unbiased” way.

Dr. Nazha said there were a median of three mutations per patient sample, and “there are some competing interests between those mutations to impact the prognosis of the patient.”

The investigators used the mutations and their associations with overall survival to classify patients into the risk groups outlined in the table below.

jensmith@mdedge.com

NEWPORT BEACH, CALIF. – New research suggests patients with normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia (NK-AML) can be divided into four risk groups associated with overall survival.

Investigators used machine learning algorithms to study the association between mutations and overall survival in 1,352 patients with NK-AML. The analysis revealed combinations of mutations that could be used to classify NK-AML patients into favorable, intermediate-1, intermediate-2, and unfavorable risk groups.

For example, patients who had NPM1 mutations but wild-type FLT3-ITD and DNMT3A, had a median overall survival of 99.1 months and could be classified as favorable risk. Conversely, patients who had NPM1, FLT3-ITD, and DNMT3A mutations, had a median overall survival of 13.4 months and could be classified as unfavorable risk.

Aziz Nazha, MD, of the Cleveland Clinic, and his colleagues conducted this research and presented the findings at the Acute Leukemia Forum of Hemedicus.

The investigators looked at genomic and clinical data from 1,352 patients with NK-AML. The patients were a median age of 55 years and had a median white blood cell count of 21.3 x 10⁹/L, a median hemoglobin of 9.1 g/dL, and a median platelet count of 61 x 10⁹/L. More than half of patients (57.3%) were male.

The patients were screened for 35 genes that are commonly mutated in AML and other myeloid malignancies. The investigators used machine learning algorithms, including random survival forest and recommender system algorithms, to study the association between mutations and overall survival in an “unbiased” way.

Dr. Nazha said there were a median of three mutations per patient sample, and “there are some competing interests between those mutations to impact the prognosis of the patient.”

The investigators used the mutations and their associations with overall survival to classify patients into the risk groups outlined in the table below.

jensmith@mdedge.com

Amifampridine (Ruzurgi) has been approved for the treatment of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), a rare autoimmune neuromuscular disorder, in patients aged 6 to less than 17 years, according to a statement from the Food and Drug Administration.

Wikimedia Commons/FitzColinGerald/Creative Commons License

The approval is the first for a LEMS treatment specifically for pediatric patients.

“This approval will provide a much-needed treatment option for pediatric patients with LEMS who have significant weakness and fatigue that can often cause great difficulties with daily activities,” Billy Dunn, MD, director of the Division of Neurology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, said in the statement.

The prevalence of LEMS in pediatric patients is not known, but the overall prevalence of LEMS is estimated to be three per million individuals worldwide, according to the FDA press release.

Use of amifampridine in patients 6 to less than 17 years of age is supported by pharmacokinetic data in adult patients, pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation to identify the dosing regimen in pediatric patients, and safety data from pediatric patients 6 to less than 17 years of age.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal study enrolled 32 adult patients who had taken amifampridine for at least 3 months. The study compared patients continuing on amifampridine with patients switched to placebo. Effectiveness was measured by the degree of change in a test that assessed the time it took the patient to rise from a chair, walk three meters, and return to the chair for three consecutive laps without pause. The patients who continued on amifampridine experienced less impairment compared with those switched to placebo. Effectiveness was also measured with a self-assessment scale for LEMS-related weakness. The scores indicated greater perceived weakening in the patients switched to placebo.

The most common side effects among amifampridine users were paresthesia, abdominal pain, indigestion, dizziness, and nausea. Side effects reported in pediatric patients were similar to those seen in adult patients. Seizures have been observed in patients without a history of seizures. Signs of hypersensitivity reactions include rash, hives, itching, fever, swelling, or trouble breathing.

The FDA granted this application Priority Review and Fast Track designations. Amifampridine also received Orphan Drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.

The FDA granted the approval of amifampridine (Ruzurgi) to Jacobus Pharmaceutical Company.

mdales@mdedge.com

Amifampridine (Ruzurgi) has been approved for the treatment of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), a rare autoimmune neuromuscular disorder, in patients aged 6 to less than 17 years, according to a statement from the Food and Drug Administration.

Wikimedia Commons/FitzColinGerald/Creative Commons License

The approval is the first for a LEMS treatment specifically for pediatric patients.

“This approval will provide a much-needed treatment option for pediatric patients with LEMS who have significant weakness and fatigue that can often cause great difficulties with daily activities,” Billy Dunn, MD, director of the Division of Neurology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, said in the statement.

The prevalence of LEMS in pediatric patients is not known, but the overall prevalence of LEMS is estimated to be three per million individuals worldwide, according to the FDA press release.

Use of amifampridine in patients 6 to less than 17 years of age is supported by pharmacokinetic data in adult patients, pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation to identify the dosing regimen in pediatric patients, and safety data from pediatric patients 6 to less than 17 years of age.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal study enrolled 32 adult patients who had taken amifampridine for at least 3 months. The study compared patients continuing on amifampridine with patients switched to placebo. Effectiveness was measured by the degree of change in a test that assessed the time it took the patient to rise from a chair, walk three meters, and return to the chair for three consecutive laps without pause. The patients who continued on amifampridine experienced less impairment compared with those switched to placebo. Effectiveness was also measured with a self-assessment scale for LEMS-related weakness. The scores indicated greater perceived weakening in the patients switched to placebo.

The most common side effects among amifampridine users were paresthesia, abdominal pain, indigestion, dizziness, and nausea. Side effects reported in pediatric patients were similar to those seen in adult patients. Seizures have been observed in patients without a history of seizures. Signs of hypersensitivity reactions include rash, hives, itching, fever, swelling, or trouble breathing.

The FDA granted this application Priority Review and Fast Track designations. Amifampridine also received Orphan Drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.

The FDA granted the approval of amifampridine (Ruzurgi) to Jacobus Pharmaceutical Company.

mdales@mdedge.com

Amifampridine (Ruzurgi) has been approved for the treatment of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), a rare autoimmune neuromuscular disorder, in patients aged 6 to less than 17 years, according to a statement from the Food and Drug Administration.

Wikimedia Commons/FitzColinGerald/Creative Commons License

The approval is the first for a LEMS treatment specifically for pediatric patients.

“This approval will provide a much-needed treatment option for pediatric patients with LEMS who have significant weakness and fatigue that can often cause great difficulties with daily activities,” Billy Dunn, MD, director of the Division of Neurology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, said in the statement.

The prevalence of LEMS in pediatric patients is not known, but the overall prevalence of LEMS is estimated to be three per million individuals worldwide, according to the FDA press release.

Use of amifampridine in patients 6 to less than 17 years of age is supported by pharmacokinetic data in adult patients, pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation to identify the dosing regimen in pediatric patients, and safety data from pediatric patients 6 to less than 17 years of age.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal study enrolled 32 adult patients who had taken amifampridine for at least 3 months. The study compared patients continuing on amifampridine with patients switched to placebo. Effectiveness was measured by the degree of change in a test that assessed the time it took the patient to rise from a chair, walk three meters, and return to the chair for three consecutive laps without pause. The patients who continued on amifampridine experienced less impairment compared with those switched to placebo. Effectiveness was also measured with a self-assessment scale for LEMS-related weakness. The scores indicated greater perceived weakening in the patients switched to placebo.

The most common side effects among amifampridine users were paresthesia, abdominal pain, indigestion, dizziness, and nausea. Side effects reported in pediatric patients were similar to those seen in adult patients. Seizures have been observed in patients without a history of seizures. Signs of hypersensitivity reactions include rash, hives, itching, fever, swelling, or trouble breathing.

The FDA granted this application Priority Review and Fast Track designations. Amifampridine also received Orphan Drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.

The FDA granted the approval of amifampridine (Ruzurgi) to Jacobus Pharmaceutical Company.

mdales@mdedge.com

The burden of the U.S. oropharynx cancer epidemic is shifting toward older adults, finds a population-based cohort study spanning 23 years. As a result, the disease will likely become one predominantly affecting elderly white men over the next decade. In addition, projections suggest that the annual number of new cases will likely rise exponentially.

Historically, the incidence of oropharynx cancer rose rapidly among white men aged younger than 60 years because of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections (J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:4294-301). But given factors such as aging, possible changes in behavior, and vaccination, the current trajectory is unknown.

Investigators led by Joseph E. Tota, PhD, of the division of cancer epidemiology and genetics at the National Cancer Institute analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data for 1992-2015 to ascertain whether the increases in oropharynx cancer have continued into recent birth cohorts and to forecast future burden across subgroups.

Results published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology showed that, among white men, oropharynx cancer incidence accelerated among those born during 1927-1939 (by 3.5% per 2-year birth cohort) and during 1939-1955 (by 5.3% per 2-year birth cohort), whereas the pace of increase moderated among those born during 1955-1969 (by 1.7% per 2-year birth cohort).

Given these trends, the investigators forecast that incidence will increase sharply between 2016 and 2029 among older white men aged 65-74 years (from 40.7 to 71.2 per 100,000) and 75-84 years (from 25.7 to 50.1 per 100,000), increase moderately among white men aged 55-64 years (from 40.3 to 52.0 per 100,000), and remain stable among white men aged 45-54 years (at roughly 18 per 100,000).

Taking population growth into account, Dr. Tota and colleagues project a 52% increase in annual number of cases in the United States (from 20,124 to 30,629 between 2016 and 2029), mainly driven by a 127% increase among older adults aged at least 65 years (from 7,976 to 18,072) and a 54% increase among white men (from 14,453 to 22,241). As of 2029, white men older than 65 years will account for approximately 44% of all cases.

“Our results suggest an ebbing of the oropharynx cancer epidemic in younger individuals, exaggeration of the epidemic in older individuals, and a continued exponential increase in the annual number of oropharynx cancers over the next decade,” Dr. Tota and coinvestigators summarized.

The findings have important implications regarding treatment of older patients with oropharynx cancer, they noted. “It is likely that the biology of HPV-positive tumors is similar in younger versus older patients; nonetheless, older patients have poorer survival outcomes because of competing comorbidities, treatment-associated acute and chronic toxicity with chemoradiation, or an inability to receive maximally effective therapies. … Thus, older patients with oropharynx cancer may have different risks and benefits when receiving deintensified regimens than younger patients. The emergence of immunotherapies, whose efficacy may be more age invariant than cytotoxic chemotherapies, could provide a promising treatment avenue for older patients with oropharynx cancer.”

Dr. Tota reported receiving travel, accommodations, and expenses from Merck. The study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health/NCI.

SOURCE: Tota JE et al. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Apr 26. doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.00370.

The burden of the U.S. oropharynx cancer epidemic is shifting toward older adults, finds a population-based cohort study spanning 23 years. As a result, the disease will likely become one predominantly affecting elderly white men over the next decade. In addition, projections suggest that the annual number of new cases will likely rise exponentially.

Historically, the incidence of oropharynx cancer rose rapidly among white men aged younger than 60 years because of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections (J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:4294-301). But given factors such as aging, possible changes in behavior, and vaccination, the current trajectory is unknown.

Investigators led by Joseph E. Tota, PhD, of the division of cancer epidemiology and genetics at the National Cancer Institute analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data for 1992-2015 to ascertain whether the increases in oropharynx cancer have continued into recent birth cohorts and to forecast future burden across subgroups.

Results published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology showed that, among white men, oropharynx cancer incidence accelerated among those born during 1927-1939 (by 3.5% per 2-year birth cohort) and during 1939-1955 (by 5.3% per 2-year birth cohort), whereas the pace of increase moderated among those born during 1955-1969 (by 1.7% per 2-year birth cohort).

Given these trends, the investigators forecast that incidence will increase sharply between 2016 and 2029 among older white men aged 65-74 years (from 40.7 to 71.2 per 100,000) and 75-84 years (from 25.7 to 50.1 per 100,000), increase moderately among white men aged 55-64 years (from 40.3 to 52.0 per 100,000), and remain stable among white men aged 45-54 years (at roughly 18 per 100,000).

Taking population growth into account, Dr. Tota and colleagues project a 52% increase in annual number of cases in the United States (from 20,124 to 30,629 between 2016 and 2029), mainly driven by a 127% increase among older adults aged at least 65 years (from 7,976 to 18,072) and a 54% increase among white men (from 14,453 to 22,241). As of 2029, white men older than 65 years will account for approximately 44% of all cases.

“Our results suggest an ebbing of the oropharynx cancer epidemic in younger individuals, exaggeration of the epidemic in older individuals, and a continued exponential increase in the annual number of oropharynx cancers over the next decade,” Dr. Tota and coinvestigators summarized.

The findings have important implications regarding treatment of older patients with oropharynx cancer, they noted. “It is likely that the biology of HPV-positive tumors is similar in younger versus older patients; nonetheless, older patients have poorer survival outcomes because of competing comorbidities, treatment-associated acute and chronic toxicity with chemoradiation, or an inability to receive maximally effective therapies. … Thus, older patients with oropharynx cancer may have different risks and benefits when receiving deintensified regimens than younger patients. The emergence of immunotherapies, whose efficacy may be more age invariant than cytotoxic chemotherapies, could provide a promising treatment avenue for older patients with oropharynx cancer.”

Dr. Tota reported receiving travel, accommodations, and expenses from Merck. The study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health/NCI.

SOURCE: Tota JE et al. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Apr 26. doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.00370.

The burden of the U.S. oropharynx cancer epidemic is shifting toward older adults, finds a population-based cohort study spanning 23 years. As a result, the disease will likely become one predominantly affecting elderly white men over the next decade. In addition, projections suggest that the annual number of new cases will likely rise exponentially.

Historically, the incidence of oropharynx cancer rose rapidly among white men aged younger than 60 years because of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections (J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:4294-301). But given factors such as aging, possible changes in behavior, and vaccination, the current trajectory is unknown.

Investigators led by Joseph E. Tota, PhD, of the division of cancer epidemiology and genetics at the National Cancer Institute analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data for 1992-2015 to ascertain whether the increases in oropharynx cancer have continued into recent birth cohorts and to forecast future burden across subgroups.

Results published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology showed that, among white men, oropharynx cancer incidence accelerated among those born during 1927-1939 (by 3.5% per 2-year birth cohort) and during 1939-1955 (by 5.3% per 2-year birth cohort), whereas the pace of increase moderated among those born during 1955-1969 (by 1.7% per 2-year birth cohort).

Given these trends, the investigators forecast that incidence will increase sharply between 2016 and 2029 among older white men aged 65-74 years (from 40.7 to 71.2 per 100,000) and 75-84 years (from 25.7 to 50.1 per 100,000), increase moderately among white men aged 55-64 years (from 40.3 to 52.0 per 100,000), and remain stable among white men aged 45-54 years (at roughly 18 per 100,000).

Taking population growth into account, Dr. Tota and colleagues project a 52% increase in annual number of cases in the United States (from 20,124 to 30,629 between 2016 and 2029), mainly driven by a 127% increase among older adults aged at least 65 years (from 7,976 to 18,072) and a 54% increase among white men (from 14,453 to 22,241). As of 2029, white men older than 65 years will account for approximately 44% of all cases.

“Our results suggest an ebbing of the oropharynx cancer epidemic in younger individuals, exaggeration of the epidemic in older individuals, and a continued exponential increase in the annual number of oropharynx cancers over the next decade,” Dr. Tota and coinvestigators summarized.

The findings have important implications regarding treatment of older patients with oropharynx cancer, they noted. “It is likely that the biology of HPV-positive tumors is similar in younger versus older patients; nonetheless, older patients have poorer survival outcomes because of competing comorbidities, treatment-associated acute and chronic toxicity with chemoradiation, or an inability to receive maximally effective therapies. … Thus, older patients with oropharynx cancer may have different risks and benefits when receiving deintensified regimens than younger patients. The emergence of immunotherapies, whose efficacy may be more age invariant than cytotoxic chemotherapies, could provide a promising treatment avenue for older patients with oropharynx cancer.”

Dr. Tota reported receiving travel, accommodations, and expenses from Merck. The study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health/NCI.

SOURCE: Tota JE et al. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Apr 26. doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.00370.

Gotta catch ‘em all

In a somewhat unsurprising turn of events, researchers have discovered the exact impact that late-1990s Pokémon obsession had on the human brain. Could Bulbasaur and Charmander really change the way your gray matter works? Pikachu says yes.

Researchers scanned the brains of adults who played Pokémon extensively as children (and possibly as not-children, with the advent of Pokémon Go). They found that, in these adults, the occipitotemporal sulcus region of the brain responded more to images of Pokémon – the original 150, of course – than any other type of image.

The researchers compared this result to “novices” (a.k.a. people who had other hobbies) and noted that novice brains did not have a preference for Pokémon.

Basically, the brain of these experienced players has built them an internal Pokédex, fulfilling the dream of every Pokémaster. Ash Ketchum would be proud.
 

Hipsters don’t all look the same! (Yes, they do)

Slouchy beanie, scruffy beard, maybe a pair of fake spectacles, and definitely flannel – the uniform of the male hipster. Today’s Beatnik-wannabes all praise nonconformism, but what happens when everyone nonconforms the same?

master1305/iStock/Getty Images Plus

You get an extremely hilarious threat of lawsuit, that’s what.

The MIT Technology Review published an article about the studies from a mathematician from Brandeis University, who examines how information transmission influences the behavior of a population.

He found that, in general, hipsters in a society initially “act randomly but then undergo a phase transition into a synchronized state.” Despite all their best efforts to push against the mainstream, hipsters eventually sync up with one another and conform to each other.

The article was published with a photo of a man in a beanie, beard, and plaid shirt. The publication soon received an email from a man who claimed he was the person in the photo, and he hadn’t given his consent, and he was upset with the article, calling it a “bit of click-bait about why hipsters all look the same.”

The email-writer angrily threatened legal action … until a quick image check showed that he was not, in fact, the man in the stock photo.

The unnamed hipster slunk away to recover in shame, presumably with organic coffee and a Neutral Milk Hotel album on vinyl.
 

You don’t need a brain to feel fear

PTSD is normally not a laughing matter. It’s a real mental health disorder, and it deserves to be studied. But somehow, a group of researchers from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem found comedy gold researching the disorder by giving PTSD to ... worms.

piola666/iStock/Getty Images Plus

Specifically, to Caenorhabditis elegans, a workhorse of biological research. In a study published in Current Biology, the researchers starved their hapless test subjects for a day while spraying them with a scent they normally enjoy. The next day, the worms were fed properly, but when exposed to the same scent, the nematodes went into a defensive mode, showing C. elegans is capable of associative memory.

Because C. elegans only has 302 neurons, it was very simple to find which neurons were affecting their memory and genetically engineer future generations whose “fight or flight” impulse could be activated by switching a light on or off.

Obviously, determining which specific neurons carry associative memory has benefit for the potential treatment of PTSD. We have to wonder though, what do the researchers tell people they do for a living? “Ah, yes, I’m conducting very important research: I make small worms afraid of the light.”

Can’t imagine they get invited to too many parties.
 

Fly the organ-friendly skies

Much like the proverbial stork, a drone flew 2.8 miles over Baltimore during the early-morning hours of April 19 to deliver a precious cargo.

baranozdemir/iStock/Getty Images Plus

What? No, it was not a baby! Are you nuts?

This drone was, in fact, the first unmanned aircraft to deliver a human donor organ – in this case, a kidney. This next big step for medicine was taken by the team of Joseph Scalea, MD, of the University of Maryland in Baltimore, one of the surgeons who performed the transplant. In earlier test flights, Dr. Scalea’s team was the first to use a drone to transport medical supplies, such as saline and blood tubes, between the launch site and the helipad at the university medical center.

The custom-made drone “needed to meet the rigid medical, technical, and regulatory demands of carrying an unaccompanied deceased donor organ for human transplant.” It has backup propellers, backup motors, dual batteries, and a parachute recovery system, as well as an organ-tracking system, unlike current methods, according to the university.

Our regular reader (Thanks again, Dr Pepper) may remember that LOTME recently reported on San Francisco’s “Poop Patrol” and suggested that the media would hail it as “Uber, but for poop.” Care to take a guess at what Dr. Scalea called his drone?

That right. “Uber for organs.” Sigh. That’s supposed to be our job. No, wait a second!

Okay, here’s one: “organ droner.”

imnews@mdedge.com

Gotta catch ‘em all

In a somewhat unsurprising turn of events, researchers have discovered the exact impact that late-1990s Pokémon obsession had on the human brain. Could Bulbasaur and Charmander really change the way your gray matter works? Pikachu says yes.

Researchers scanned the brains of adults who played Pokémon extensively as children (and possibly as not-children, with the advent of Pokémon Go). They found that, in these adults, the occipitotemporal sulcus region of the brain responded more to images of Pokémon – the original 150, of course – than any other type of image.

The researchers compared this result to “novices” (a.k.a. people who had other hobbies) and noted that novice brains did not have a preference for Pokémon.

Basically, the brain of these experienced players has built them an internal Pokédex, fulfilling the dream of every Pokémaster. Ash Ketchum would be proud.
 

Hipsters don’t all look the same! (Yes, they do)

Slouchy beanie, scruffy beard, maybe a pair of fake spectacles, and definitely flannel – the uniform of the male hipster. Today’s Beatnik-wannabes all praise nonconformism, but what happens when everyone nonconforms the same?

master1305/iStock/Getty Images Plus

You get an extremely hilarious threat of lawsuit, that’s what.

The MIT Technology Review published an article about the studies from a mathematician from Brandeis University, who examines how information transmission influences the behavior of a population.

He found that, in general, hipsters in a society initially “act randomly but then undergo a phase transition into a synchronized state.” Despite all their best efforts to push against the mainstream, hipsters eventually sync up with one another and conform to each other.

The article was published with a photo of a man in a beanie, beard, and plaid shirt. The publication soon received an email from a man who claimed he was the person in the photo, and he hadn’t given his consent, and he was upset with the article, calling it a “bit of click-bait about why hipsters all look the same.”

The email-writer angrily threatened legal action … until a quick image check showed that he was not, in fact, the man in the stock photo.

The unnamed hipster slunk away to recover in shame, presumably with organic coffee and a Neutral Milk Hotel album on vinyl.
 

You don’t need a brain to feel fear

PTSD is normally not a laughing matter. It’s a real mental health disorder, and it deserves to be studied. But somehow, a group of researchers from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem found comedy gold researching the disorder by giving PTSD to ... worms.

piola666/iStock/Getty Images Plus

Specifically, to Caenorhabditis elegans, a workhorse of biological research. In a study published in Current Biology, the researchers starved their hapless test subjects for a day while spraying them with a scent they normally enjoy. The next day, the worms were fed properly, but when exposed to the same scent, the nematodes went into a defensive mode, showing C. elegans is capable of associative memory.

Because C. elegans only has 302 neurons, it was very simple to find which neurons were affecting their memory and genetically engineer future generations whose “fight or flight” impulse could be activated by switching a light on or off.

Obviously, determining which specific neurons carry associative memory has benefit for the potential treatment of PTSD. We have to wonder though, what do the researchers tell people they do for a living? “Ah, yes, I’m conducting very important research: I make small worms afraid of the light.”

Can’t imagine they get invited to too many parties.
 

Fly the organ-friendly skies

Much like the proverbial stork, a drone flew 2.8 miles over Baltimore during the early-morning hours of April 19 to deliver a precious cargo.

baranozdemir/iStock/Getty Images Plus

What? No, it was not a baby! Are you nuts?

This drone was, in fact, the first unmanned aircraft to deliver a human donor organ – in this case, a kidney. This next big step for medicine was taken by the team of Joseph Scalea, MD, of the University of Maryland in Baltimore, one of the surgeons who performed the transplant. In earlier test flights, Dr. Scalea’s team was the first to use a drone to transport medical supplies, such as saline and blood tubes, between the launch site and the helipad at the university medical center.

The custom-made drone “needed to meet the rigid medical, technical, and regulatory demands of carrying an unaccompanied deceased donor organ for human transplant.” It has backup propellers, backup motors, dual batteries, and a parachute recovery system, as well as an organ-tracking system, unlike current methods, according to the university.

Our regular reader (Thanks again, Dr Pepper) may remember that LOTME recently reported on San Francisco’s “Poop Patrol” and suggested that the media would hail it as “Uber, but for poop.” Care to take a guess at what Dr. Scalea called his drone?

That right. “Uber for organs.” Sigh. That’s supposed to be our job. No, wait a second!

Okay, here’s one: “organ droner.”

imnews@mdedge.com

Gotta catch ‘em all

In a somewhat unsurprising turn of events, researchers have discovered the exact impact that late-1990s Pokémon obsession had on the human brain. Could Bulbasaur and Charmander really change the way your gray matter works? Pikachu says yes.

Researchers scanned the brains of adults who played Pokémon extensively as children (and possibly as not-children, with the advent of Pokémon Go). They found that, in these adults, the occipitotemporal sulcus region of the brain responded more to images of Pokémon – the original 150, of course – than any other type of image.

The researchers compared this result to “novices” (a.k.a. people who had other hobbies) and noted that novice brains did not have a preference for Pokémon.

Basically, the brain of these experienced players has built them an internal Pokédex, fulfilling the dream of every Pokémaster. Ash Ketchum would be proud.
 

Hipsters don’t all look the same! (Yes, they do)

Slouchy beanie, scruffy beard, maybe a pair of fake spectacles, and definitely flannel – the uniform of the male hipster. Today’s Beatnik-wannabes all praise nonconformism, but what happens when everyone nonconforms the same?

master1305/iStock/Getty Images Plus

You get an extremely hilarious threat of lawsuit, that’s what.

The MIT Technology Review published an article about the studies from a mathematician from Brandeis University, who examines how information transmission influences the behavior of a population.

He found that, in general, hipsters in a society initially “act randomly but then undergo a phase transition into a synchronized state.” Despite all their best efforts to push against the mainstream, hipsters eventually sync up with one another and conform to each other.

The article was published with a photo of a man in a beanie, beard, and plaid shirt. The publication soon received an email from a man who claimed he was the person in the photo, and he hadn’t given his consent, and he was upset with the article, calling it a “bit of click-bait about why hipsters all look the same.”

The email-writer angrily threatened legal action … until a quick image check showed that he was not, in fact, the man in the stock photo.

The unnamed hipster slunk away to recover in shame, presumably with organic coffee and a Neutral Milk Hotel album on vinyl.
 

You don’t need a brain to feel fear

PTSD is normally not a laughing matter. It’s a real mental health disorder, and it deserves to be studied. But somehow, a group of researchers from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem found comedy gold researching the disorder by giving PTSD to ... worms.

piola666/iStock/Getty Images Plus

Specifically, to Caenorhabditis elegans, a workhorse of biological research. In a study published in Current Biology, the researchers starved their hapless test subjects for a day while spraying them with a scent they normally enjoy. The next day, the worms were fed properly, but when exposed to the same scent, the nematodes went into a defensive mode, showing C. elegans is capable of associative memory.

Because C. elegans only has 302 neurons, it was very simple to find which neurons were affecting their memory and genetically engineer future generations whose “fight or flight” impulse could be activated by switching a light on or off.

Obviously, determining which specific neurons carry associative memory has benefit for the potential treatment of PTSD. We have to wonder though, what do the researchers tell people they do for a living? “Ah, yes, I’m conducting very important research: I make small worms afraid of the light.”

Can’t imagine they get invited to too many parties.
 

Fly the organ-friendly skies

Much like the proverbial stork, a drone flew 2.8 miles over Baltimore during the early-morning hours of April 19 to deliver a precious cargo.

baranozdemir/iStock/Getty Images Plus

What? No, it was not a baby! Are you nuts?

This drone was, in fact, the first unmanned aircraft to deliver a human donor organ – in this case, a kidney. This next big step for medicine was taken by the team of Joseph Scalea, MD, of the University of Maryland in Baltimore, one of the surgeons who performed the transplant. In earlier test flights, Dr. Scalea’s team was the first to use a drone to transport medical supplies, such as saline and blood tubes, between the launch site and the helipad at the university medical center.

The custom-made drone “needed to meet the rigid medical, technical, and regulatory demands of carrying an unaccompanied deceased donor organ for human transplant.” It has backup propellers, backup motors, dual batteries, and a parachute recovery system, as well as an organ-tracking system, unlike current methods, according to the university.

Our regular reader (Thanks again, Dr Pepper) may remember that LOTME recently reported on San Francisco’s “Poop Patrol” and suggested that the media would hail it as “Uber, but for poop.” Care to take a guess at what Dr. Scalea called his drone?

That right. “Uber for organs.” Sigh. That’s supposed to be our job. No, wait a second!

Okay, here’s one: “organ droner.”

imnews@mdedge.com

LOS ANGELES – Recommendations on lipid management were among the highlights of this year’s annual scientific and clinical congress of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), Yehuda Handelsman, MD, and Paul S. Jellinger, MD, said in a video interview at the meeting.

Dr. Handelsman, medical director of the Metabolic Institute of America, in Tarzana, Calif., summarized the top take-home messages from a premeeting symposium he chaired on diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and lipid management in high-risk patients. Dr. Jellinger, professor of clinical medicine on the voluntary faculty at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, looked at management aspects and therapy goals based on a comparison of the lipid guideline from the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association with that from the AACE. Other highlights from the symposium included expert analysis of the CREDENCE trial results on canagliflozin for improving renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes, advice on the management of heart failure in diabetes, and recommendations on managing hyperglycemia.

Dr. Jellinger and Dr. Handelsman, who are members of the editorial advisory board of Clinical Endocrinology News, highlighted the emergence of anabolic treatments for osteoporosis, in particular the sclerostin-neutralizing monoclonal antibody, romosozumab. The therapy was recently approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and is unique in that it both promotes bone formation and reduces resorption. They also noted the switch away from previous practice to now using an anabolic drug first, then going to an antiresorptive therapy, rather than the other way around.

They discussed the keynote address by social media guru, Kevin Pho, MD; a debate that centered on the merits of the American Diabetes Association’s guideline for treating diabetes versus that from the AACE; a presentation on sustained remission of type 2 diabetes with a very low calorie diet; and a report on encouraging findings with an experimental drug for Graves eye disease.
 

LOS ANGELES – Recommendations on lipid management were among the highlights of this year’s annual scientific and clinical congress of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), Yehuda Handelsman, MD, and Paul S. Jellinger, MD, said in a video interview at the meeting.

Dr. Handelsman, medical director of the Metabolic Institute of America, in Tarzana, Calif., summarized the top take-home messages from a premeeting symposium he chaired on diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and lipid management in high-risk patients. Dr. Jellinger, professor of clinical medicine on the voluntary faculty at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, looked at management aspects and therapy goals based on a comparison of the lipid guideline from the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association with that from the AACE. Other highlights from the symposium included expert analysis of the CREDENCE trial results on canagliflozin for improving renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes, advice on the management of heart failure in diabetes, and recommendations on managing hyperglycemia.

Dr. Jellinger and Dr. Handelsman, who are members of the editorial advisory board of Clinical Endocrinology News, highlighted the emergence of anabolic treatments for osteoporosis, in particular the sclerostin-neutralizing monoclonal antibody, romosozumab. The therapy was recently approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and is unique in that it both promotes bone formation and reduces resorption. They also noted the switch away from previous practice to now using an anabolic drug first, then going to an antiresorptive therapy, rather than the other way around.

They discussed the keynote address by social media guru, Kevin Pho, MD; a debate that centered on the merits of the American Diabetes Association’s guideline for treating diabetes versus that from the AACE; a presentation on sustained remission of type 2 diabetes with a very low calorie diet; and a report on encouraging findings with an experimental drug for Graves eye disease.
 

LOS ANGELES – Recommendations on lipid management were among the highlights of this year’s annual scientific and clinical congress of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), Yehuda Handelsman, MD, and Paul S. Jellinger, MD, said in a video interview at the meeting.

Dr. Handelsman, medical director of the Metabolic Institute of America, in Tarzana, Calif., summarized the top take-home messages from a premeeting symposium he chaired on diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and lipid management in high-risk patients. Dr. Jellinger, professor of clinical medicine on the voluntary faculty at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, looked at management aspects and therapy goals based on a comparison of the lipid guideline from the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association with that from the AACE. Other highlights from the symposium included expert analysis of the CREDENCE trial results on canagliflozin for improving renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes, advice on the management of heart failure in diabetes, and recommendations on managing hyperglycemia.

Dr. Jellinger and Dr. Handelsman, who are members of the editorial advisory board of Clinical Endocrinology News, highlighted the emergence of anabolic treatments for osteoporosis, in particular the sclerostin-neutralizing monoclonal antibody, romosozumab. The therapy was recently approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and is unique in that it both promotes bone formation and reduces resorption. They also noted the switch away from previous practice to now using an anabolic drug first, then going to an antiresorptive therapy, rather than the other way around.

They discussed the keynote address by social media guru, Kevin Pho, MD; a debate that centered on the merits of the American Diabetes Association’s guideline for treating diabetes versus that from the AACE; a presentation on sustained remission of type 2 diabetes with a very low calorie diet; and a report on encouraging findings with an experimental drug for Graves eye disease.